Preparation of a highly sensitive graphene-based sensor to investigate the effect of exercise on electrolytes in sweat in hot and humid environment
Source abstract
Abstract
In this study, we synthesized a reduced graphene oxide-manganese dioxide (rGO-MnO2) composite material using a one-step hydrothermal method and used it as a transducer layer in solid-state ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for monitoring potassium and sodium ions in sweat. The rGO-MnO2 composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), revealing its unique surface morphology and crystalline structures. Electrochemical characterizations, including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and potential response testing, demonstrated the excellent performance of the rGO-MnO2 composite material as a transducer layer in ISEs. The fabricated electrodes displayed good linear responses to potassium and sodium ions, with a voltage response of 36.4 mV and 47.6 mV per unit concentration change, respectively. The electrodes also exhibited improved resistance to gas interference, such as O2, N2, and CO2. We utilized these ISEs to measure changes in potassium and sodium ion concentrations in sweat samples collected over nine days of exercise, demonstrating the practical application of the rGO-MnO2-based ISEs. This work highlights the potential of using graphene/metal oxide composites as solid contact materials in ISEs for cost-effective and stable ion sensing applications.
Source: expertdata · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Analytical Chemistry and Sensors · Gas Sensing Nanomaterials and Sensors · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (34)
Show source-provided references
1. Zhang H, Sun L, Song C, Liu Y, Xuan X, Wang F, Zhong J, Sun L (2022) Integrated solid-state wearable sweat sensor system for sodium and potassium ion concentration detection. Sens Rev 42:76–8810.1108/SR-03-2021-0081 ↗
2. Tabasum H, Gill N, Mishra R, Lone S (2022) Wearable microfluidic-based e-skin sweat sensors. RSC Adv 12:8691–870710.1039/D1RA07888G ↗
3. Khemtonglang K, Chaiyaphet N, Kumsaen T, Chaiyachati C, Chuchuen O (2022) A smart wristband integrated with an IoT-based alarming system for real-time sweat alcohol monitoring. Sensors 22:643510.3390/s22176435 ↗
4. Hashimoto Y, Ishihara T, Kuwabara K, Amano T, Togo H (2022) Wearable microfluidic sensor for the simultaneous and continuous monitoring of local sweat rates and electrolyte concentrations. Micromachines 13:57510.3390/mi13040575 ↗
5. Xu Z, Song J, Liu B, Lv S, Gao F, Luo X, Wang P (2021) A conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS hydrogel based wearable sensor for accurate uric acid detection in human sweat. Sens Actuat B Chem 348:130674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.13067410.1016/j.snb.2021.130674 ↗
6. Zheng L, Liu Y, Zhang C (2021) A sample-to-answer, wearable cloth-based electrochemical sensor (WCECS) for point-of-care detection of glucose in sweat. Sens Actuat B Chem 343:130131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.13013110.1016/j.snb.2021.130131 ↗
7. Şahin B, Kaya T (2021) Facile preparation and characterization of nanostructured ZnO/CuO composite thin film for sweat concentration sensing applications. Mater Sci Semicond Process 121:105428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2020.10542810.1016/j.mssp.2020.105428 ↗
8. Pirovano P, Dorrian M, Shinde A, Donohoe A, Brady AJ, Moyna NM, Wallace G, Diamond D, McCaul M (2020) A wearable sensor for the detection of sodium and potassium in human sweat during exercise. Talanta 219:121145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.12114510.1016/j.talanta.2020.121145 ↗
9. Upasham S, Prasad S (2020) SLOCK (sensor for circadian clock): passive sweat-based chronobiology tracker. Lab Chip 20:1947–196010.1039/D0LC00134A ↗
10. Liu C, Xu T, Wang D, Zhang X (2020) The role of sampling in wearable sweat sensors. Talanta 212:120801. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.12080110.1016/j.talanta.2020.120801 ↗
11. Wang S, Liu M, Yang X, Lu Q, Xiong Z, Li L, Zheng H, Feng S, Zhang T (2022) An unconventional vertical fluidic-controlled wearable platform for synchronously detecting sweat rate and electrolyte concentration. Biosens Bioelectron 210:114351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2022.11435110.1016/j.bios.2022.114351 ↗
12. Xiao J, Fan C, Xu T, Su L, Zhang X (2022) An electrochemical wearable sensor for levodopa quantification in sweat based on a metal–Organic framework/graphene oxide composite with integrated enzymes. Sens Actuat B Chem 359:131586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2022.13158610.1016/j.snb.2022.131586 ↗
13. Ghaffari R, Rogers JA, Ray TR (2021) Recent progress, challenges, and opportunities for wearable biochemical sensors for sweat analysis. Sens Actuat B Chem 332:129447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.12944710.1016/j.snb.2021.129447 ↗
14. Hauke A, Oertel S, Knoke L, Fein V, Maier C, Brinkmann F, Jank MP (2020) Screen-printed sensor for low-cost chloride analysis in sweat for rapid diagnosis and monitoring of cystic fibrosis. Biosensors 10:12310.3390/bios10090123 ↗
15. Promphet N, Rattanawaleedirojn P, Siralertmukul K, Soatthiyanon N, Potiyaraj P, Thanawattano C, Hinestroza JP, Rodthongkum N (2019) Non-invasive textile based colorimetric sensor for the simultaneous detection of sweat pH and lactate. Talanta 192:424–430. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.08610.1016/j.talanta.2018.09.086 ↗
16. Brueck A, Bates K, Wood T, House W, Martinez Z, Peters S, Root B, Yelamarthi K, Kaya T (2019) An artificial sweating system for sweat sensor testing applications. Electronics 8:60610.3390/electronics8060606 ↗
17. Shao Y, Ying Y, Ping J (2020) Recent advances in solid-contact ion-selective electrodes: functional materials, transduction mechanisms, and development trends. Chem Soc Rev 49:4405–446510.1039/C9CS00587K ↗
18. Hernández R, Riu J, Bobacka J, Vallés C, Jiménez P, Benito AM, Maser WK, Rius FX (2012) Reduced graphene oxide films as solid transducers in potentiometric all-solid-state ion-selective electrodes. J Phys Chem C 116:22570–2257810.1021/jp306234u ↗
19. Rusi MSR (2015) Green synthesis of in situ electrodeposited rGO/MnO2 nanocomposite for high energy density supercapacitors. Sci Rep 5:16195. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep1619510.1038/srep16195 ↗
20. Ghosh T, Chung H-J, Rieger J (2017) All-solid-state sodium-selective electrode with a solid contact of chitosan/prussian blue nanocomposite. Sensors 17:253610.3390/s17112536 ↗
21. Saha S, Maji P, Pethsangave DA, Roy A, Ray A, Some S, Das S (2019) Effect of morphological ordering on the electrochemical performance of MnO2-Graphene oxide composite. Electrochim Acta 317:199–210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.14810.1016/j.electacta.2019.05.148 ↗
22. Zhao Y, Hao H, Song T, Wang X, Li C, Li W (2022) MnO2-graphene based composites for supercapacitors: synthesis, performance and prospects. J Alloys Compd 914:165343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.16534310.1016/j.jallcom.2022.165343 ↗
23. Mane VJ, Kale SB, Ubale SB, Lokhande VC, Lokhande CD (2021) Enhanced specific energy of silver-doped MnO2/graphene oxide electrodes as facile fabrication symmetric supercapacitor device. Mater Today Chem 20:100473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtchem.2021.10047310.1016/j.mtchem.2021.100473 ↗
24. Song Z, Ma Y-L, Li C-E (2019) The residual tetracycline in pharmaceutical wastewater was effectively removed by using MnO2/graphene nanocomposite. Sci Total Environ 651:580–590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.24010.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.240 ↗
25. Zhang Q, Wu X, Zhang Q, Yang F, Dong H, Sui J, Dong L (2019) One-step hydrothermal synthesis of MnO2/graphene composite for electrochemical energy storage. J Electroanal Chem 837:108–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.02.03110.1016/j.jelechem.2019.02.031 ↗
26. Nasser R, Zhang G-F, Song J-M (2020) Facile and low-cost synthesis of cobalt-doped MnO2 decorated with graphene oxide for high performance 2.3 V aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors. Electrochim Acta 345:136198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2020.13619810.1016/j.electacta.2020.136198 ↗
27. Liu R, Jiang R, Chu Y-H, Yang W-D (2021) Facile fabrication of MnO2/graphene/Ni foam composites for high-performance supercapacitors. Nanomaterials 11:273610.3390/nano11102736 ↗
28. Rangaraj VM, Yoo J-I, Song J-K, Mittal V (2023) MOF-derived 3D MnO2@graphene/CNT and Ag@graphene/CNT hybrid electrode materials for dual-ion selective pseudocapacitive deionization. Desalination 550:116369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2023.11636910.1016/j.desal.2023.116369 ↗
29. Babaei M, Azar PA, Tehrani MS, Farjaminezhad M, Hussain SW (2022) Green and simple synthesized graphene/MnO2 quantum dot nanocomposite: characterization and application as an efficient adsorbent for solid-phase extraction of heavy metals. J Nanostruct Chem 12:249–261. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-021-00410-z10.1007/s40097-021-00410-z ↗
30. Thuy NTD, Zhao G, Wang X, Awuah E, Zhang L (2023) Potassium ion-selective electrode with a sensitive ion-to-electron transducer composed of porous laser-induced graphene and MoS2 fabricated by one-step direct laser writing. Electroanalysis 35:e202200194. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.20220019410.1002/elan.202200194 ↗
31. Zhang S, Zahed MA, Sharifuzzaman Md, Yoon S, Hui X, Chandra Barman S, Sharma S, Yoon HS, Park C, Park JY (2021) A wearable battery-free wireless and skin-interfaced microfluidics integrated electrochemical sensing patch for on-site biomarkers monitoring in human perspiration. Biosens Bioelectron 175:112844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.11284410.1016/j.bios.2020.112844 ↗
32. Yuan Q, Wu S, Ye C, Liu X, Gao J, Cui N, Guo P, Lai G, Wei Q, Yang M, Su W, Li H, Jiang N, Fu L, Dai D, Lin C-T, Chee KWA (2019) Sensitivity enhancement of potassium ion (K+) detection based on graphene field-effect transistors with surface plasma pretreatment. Sens Actuat B Chem 285:333–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2019.01.05810.1016/j.snb.2019.01.058 ↗
33. Traiwatcharanon P, Siriwatcharapiboon W, Wongchoosuk C (2020) Electrochemical sodium ion sensor based on silver nanoparticles/graphene oxide nanocomposite for food application. Chemosensors 8:5810.3390/chemosensors8030058 ↗
34. Parrilla M, Ferré J, Guinovart T, Andrade FJ (2016) Wearable potentiometric sensors based on commercial carbon fibres for monitoring sodium in sweat. Electroanalysis 28:1267–1275. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.20160007010.1002/elan.201600070 ↗