journal article·2023-10Open access

A nonenzymatic laser-induced flexible amperometric graphene electrode for glucose detection in saliva

Betty Edem Nugba, A. A. El-Moneim, Nahla O. Mousa, Ahmed Osman

Carbon Letters· Volume 33· Issue 6

Abstract

Abstract Graphene is a suitable transducer for wearable sensors because of its high conductivity, large specific surface area, flexibility, and other unique considerable features. Using a simple, fast galvanic pulse electrodeposition approach, a unique nonenzymatic glucose amperometric electrode was successfully developed based on well-distributed fine Cu nanoparticles anchored on the surface of 3D structure laser-induced graphene. The fabricated electrode allows glucose detection with a sensitivity of 2665 µA/mM/cm2, a response time of less than 5 s, a linear range of 0.03–4.5 mM, and a LOD of 0.023 µM. It also detects glucose selectively in the presence of interfering species such as ascorbic acid and urea. These provide the designed electrode the advantages for glucose sensing in saliva with 97% accuracy and present it among the best saliva-range non-enzymatic glucose sensors reported to date for real-life diagnostic applications.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Electrochemical sensors and biosensors · Conducting polymers and applications · Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (59)

Show source-provided references
1. Suvarnaphaet P, Pechprasarn S (2017) Graphene-based materials for biosensors: a review. Sensors (Switzerland). 17:10. https://doi.org/10.3390/s1710216110.3390/s17102161 ↗
2. Kuilla T, Bhadra S, Yao D, Kim NH, Bose S, Lee JH (2010) Recent advances in graphene based polymer composites. Prog Poly Sci (Oxford). 35:11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.00510.1016/j.progpolymsci.2010.07.005 ↗
3. Pumera M (2011) Graphene in biosensing. Mater Today 14(7–8):308–315. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(11)70160-210.1016/S1369-7021(11)70160-2 ↗
4. Cui Y, Kundalwal SI, Kumar S (2016) Gas barrier performance of graphene/polymer nanocomposites. Carbon 98:313–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2015.11.01810.1016/j.carbon.2015.11.018 ↗
5. Smith AT, LaChance AM, Zeng S, Liu B, Sun L (2019) Synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene oxide/reduced graphene oxide and their nanocomposites. Nano Mater Sci 1(1):31–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoms.2019.02.00410.1016/j.nanoms.2019.02.004 ↗
6. Han T et al (2019) Multifunctional flexible sensor based on laser-induced graphene. Sensors (Switzerland). 19(16):3477. https://doi.org/10.3390/s1916347710.3390/s19163477 ↗
7. Wang L, Wang Z, Bakhtiyari AN, Zheng H (2020) A comparative study of laser-induced graphene by co2 infrared laser and 355 nm ultraviolet (Uv) laser. Micromachines (Basel) 11(12):1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi1112109410.3390/mi11121094 ↗
8. Lin J et al (2014) Laser-induced porous graphene films from commercial polymers. Nat Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms671410.1038/ncomms6714 ↗
9. Huang L, Su J, Song Y, Ye R (2020) Laser-induced graphene: en route to smart sensing. Nano-Micro Lett. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-00496-010.1007/s40820-020-00496-0 ↗
10. Zhang Z, Song M, Hao J, Wu K, Li C, Hu C (2018) Visible light laser-induced graphene from phenolic resin: a new approach for directly writing graphene-based electrochemical devices on various substrates. Carbon N Y 127:287–296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.11.01410.1016/j.carbon.2017.11.014 ↗
11. Carvalho AF et al (2018) Laser-induced graphene strain sensors produced by ultraviolet irradiation of polyimide. Advanc Function Mater. 28(52):1805271. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20180527110.1002/adfm.201805271 ↗
12. Settu K, Chiu PT, Huang YM (2021) Laser-induced graphene-based enzymatic biosensor for glucose detection. Polymers (Basel). 13(16):2795. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1316279510.3390/polym13162795 ↗
13. Mahmood F, Mahmood F, Zhang H, Lin J, Wan C (2020) Laser-induced graphene derived from kraft lignin for flexible supercapacitors. ACS Omega 5(24):14611–14618. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.0c0129310.1021/acsomega.0c01293 ↗
14. Shim HC, van Tran C, Hyun S, bin J (2021) In, “Three-dimensional laser-induced holey graphene and its dry release transfer onto Cu foil for high-rate energy storage in lithium-ion batteries.” Appl Surf Sci 564:150416. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2021.15041610.1016/j.apsusc.2021.150416 ↗
15. Kwong Hong Tsang D et al (2019) Chemically functionalised graphene FET biosensor for the label-free sensing of exosomes. Sci Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50412-910.1038/s41598-019-50412-9 ↗
16. Cui T et al (2021) Ultrasensitive detection of covid-19 causative virus (Sars-cov-2) spike protein using laser induced graphene field-effect transistor. Molecules 26(22):6947. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules2622694710.3390/molecules26226947 ↗
17. Phetsang S, Kidkhunthod P, Chanlek N, Jakmunee J, Mungkornasawakul P, Ounnunkad K (2021) Copper/reduced graphene oxide film modified electrode for non-enzymatic glucose sensing application. Sci Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-88747-x10.1038/s41598-021-88747-x ↗
18. Luo J, Jiang S, Zhang H, Jiang J, Liu X (2012) A novel non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on Cu nanoparticle modified graphene sheets electrode. Anal Chim Acta 709:47–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2011.10.02510.1016/j.aca.2011.10.025 ↗
19. Jiang D et al (2014) Enhanced non-enzymatic glucose sensing based on copper nanoparticles decorated nitrogen-doped graphene. Biosens Bioelectron 54:273–278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2013.11.00510.1016/j.bios.2013.11.005 ↗
20. Cardoso AR et al (2018) “Molecularly-imprinted chloramphenicol sensor with laser-induced graphene electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 124:167–175
21. Mehrotra P (2016) Biosensors and their applications—a review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 6(2):153–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2015.12.00210.1016/j.jobcr.2015.12.002 ↗
22. Venugopal V (2002) “Biosensors in fish production and quality control.”. [Online]. Available: www.elsevier.com/locate/bios10.1016/S0956-5663(01)00180-4 ↗
23. Akyilmaz E, Yorganci E, Asav E (2010) Do copper ions activate tyrosinase enzyme? A biosensor model for the solution. Bioelectrochemistry 78(2):155–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2009.09.00710.1016/j.bioelechem.2009.09.007 ↗
24. Ercole C, del Gallo M, Mosiello L, Baccella S, Lepidi A (2003) Escherichia coli detection in vegetable food by a potentiometric biosensor. Sens Actuators B Chem 91(1–3):163–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-4005(03)00083-210.1016/S0925-4005(03)00083-2 ↗
25. Torun Ö, Hakki Boyaci I, Temür E, Tamer U (2012) Comparison of sensing strategies in SPR biosensor for rapid and sensitive enumeration of bacteria. Biosens Bioelectron 37(1):53–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2012.04.03410.1016/j.bios.2012.04.034 ↗
26. Arora P, Sindhu A, Dilbaghi N, Chaudhury A (2011) Biosensors as innovative tools for the detection of food borne pathogens. Biosens Bioelectron 28(1):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2011.06.00210.1016/j.bios.2011.06.002 ↗
27. Riedel T et al (2014) Diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus infection in clinical serum samples by an SPR biosensor assay. Biosens Bioelectron 55:278–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2013.12.01110.1016/j.bios.2013.12.011 ↗
28. Singh M, Kathuroju PK, Jampana N (2009) Polypyrrole based amperometric glucose biosensors. Sens Actu B Chem. 143(1):430–443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2009.09.00510.1016/j.snb.2009.09.005 ↗
29. Newman JD, Turner APF (2005) “Home Blood Glucose Biosensors: A Commercial Perspective.” [Online]. Available: www.Silsoe.cranfield.ac.uk10.1016/j.bios.2004.11.012 ↗
30. Wang J (2008) Electrochemical glucose biosensors. Chem Rev 108(2):814–825. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr068123a10.1021/cr068123a ↗
31. Yoo EH, Lee SY (2010) Glucose biosensors: an overview of use in clinical practice. Sensors 10(5):4558–4576. https://doi.org/10.3390/s10050455810.3390/s100504558 ↗
32. Wang J (2002) Glucose biosensors: 40 years of advances and challenges. Sens Update. 10(1):107–11910.1002/1616-8984(200201)10:1<107::AID-SEUP107>3.0.CO;2-Q ↗
33. Ricci F et al (2005) Novel planar glucose biosensors for continuous monitoring use. Biosens Bioelectron 20(10):1993–2000. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2004.09.01010.1016/j.bios.2004.09.010 ↗
34. Study RB, Blunt BA, Barrett-Connor E, Wingard DL. 1991 “Evaluation of Fasting Plasma Glucose as Screening Test for N1DDM in Older Adults.” [Online]. Available: http://diabetesjournals.org/care/article-pdf/14/11/989/440025/14-11-989.pdf10.2337/diacare.14.11.989 ↗
35. Daum KM, Hill RM (1982) Human tear glucose. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 22(4):509–514
36. Panchbhai AS (2012) Correlation of salivary glucose level with blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus. J Oral Maxillofac Res. https://doi.org/10.5037/jomr.2012.330310.5037/jomr.2012.3303 ↗
37. Yoon H et al (2020) A chemically modified laser-induced porous graphene based flexible and ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor for sweat glucose detection. Sens Actu B Chem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.12786610.1016/j.snb.2020.127866 ↗
38. Kumar S, Padmashree S, Jayalekshmi R (2014) Correlation of salivary glucose, blood glucose and oral candidal carriage in the saliva of type 2 diabetics: a case-control study. Contemp Clin Dent 5(3):312–317. https://doi.org/10.4103/0976-237X.13792510.4103/0976-237X.137925 ↗
39. German N, Ramanaviciene A, Ramanavicius A (2020) Formation and electrochemical evaluation of polyaniline and polypyrrole nanocomposites based on glucose oxidase and gold nanostructures. Polymers (Basel) 12(12):1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym1212302610.3390/polym12123026 ↗
40. Soni A, Jha SK (2015) A paper strip based non-invasive glucose biosensor for salivary analysis. Bios Bioelect 67:763–768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2014.09.04210.1016/j.bios.2014.09.042 ↗
41. Haghighi B, Karimi B, Tavahodi M, Behzadneia H (2015) Fabrication of a nonenzymatic glucose sensor using Pd-nanoparticles decorated ionic liquid derived fibrillated mesoporous carbon. Mater Sci Eng, C 52:219–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.04510.1016/j.msec.2015.03.045 ↗
42. Gamil M, Tabata O, Nakamura K, El-Bab AMRF, El-Moneim AA (2014) Investigation of a new high sensitive micro-electromechanical strain gauge sensor based on graphene piezoresistivity. Key Eng Mater 605:207–210. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.605.20710.4028/www.scientific.net/KEM.605.207 ↗
43. El-Moneim AA, Akiyama E, Ismail KM, Hashimoto K (2011) Corrosion behaviour of sputter-deposited Mg–Zr alloys in a borate buffer solution. Corros Sci 53(9):2988–2993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2011.05.04310.1016/j.corsci.2011.05.043 ↗
44. Rashed AE, El-Moneim AA (2017) Two steps synthesis approach of MnO2/graphene nanoplates/graphite composite electrode for supercapacitor application. Mater Today Energy 3:24–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtener.2017.02.00410.1016/j.mtener.2017.02.004 ↗
45. Tehrani F, Bavarian B (2016) Facile and scalable disposable sensor based on laser engraved graphene for electrochemical detection of glucose. Sci Rep. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep2797510.1038/srep27975 ↗
46. Shaker A, Hassanin AH, Shaalan NM, Hassan MA, El-Moneim AA (2019) Micropatterned flexible strain gauge sensor based on wet electrospun polyurethane/PEDOT: PSS nanofibers. Smart Mater Struct 28(7):07502910.1088/1361-665X/ab20a2 ↗
47. Das D, Kim DM, Park DS, Shim YB (2011) A glucose sensor based on an aminophenyl boronic acid bonded conducting polymer. Electroanalysis 23(9):2036–2041. https://doi.org/10.1002/elan.20110014510.1002/elan.201100145 ↗
48. Arakawa T et al (2016) Mouthguard biosensor with telemetry system for monitoring of saliva glucose: a novel cavities sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 84:106–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2015.12.01410.1016/j.bios.2015.12.014 ↗
49. Qin L, He L, Zhao J, Zhao B, Yin Y, Yang Y (2017) Synthesis of Ni/Au multilayer nanowire arrays for ultrasensitive non-enzymatic sensing of glucose. Sens Actuators B Chem 240:779–784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2016.09.04110.1016/j.snb.2016.09.041 ↗
50. El-Deen AG, Hussein El-Shafei M, Hessein A, Hassanin AH, Shaalan NM, El-Moneim AA (2020) High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor-based hierarchical NiCo2O4@ carbon nanofibers//Activated multichannel carbon nanofibers. Nanotechnology 31(36):36540410.1088/1361-6528/ab97d6 ↗
51. El-Khatib KM, Abou Helal MO, El-Moneim AA, Tawfik H (2004) Corrosion stability of SUS316L HVOF sprayed coatings as lightweight bipolar plate materials in PEM fuel cells. Anti-Corr Methods Mater. 51(2):136–142. https://doi.org/10.1108/0003559041052323810.1108/00035590410523238 ↗
52. Fan Z et al (2013) A flexible and disposable hybrid electrode based on Cu nanowires modified graphene transparent electrode for non-enzymatic glucose sensor. Electrochim Acta 109:602–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.15310.1016/j.electacta.2013.07.153 ↗
53. Li M et al (2021) The role of electrode wettability in electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide. J Mater Chem A Mater 9(35):19369–19409. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1TA03636J10.1039/D1TA03636J ↗
54. Feng J, Guo Z (2019) Wettability of graphene: from influencing factors and reversible conversions to potential applications. Nanoscale Horiz 4(2):339–364. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8NH00348C10.1039/C8NH00348C ↗
55. Yang J, de Zhang W, Gunasekaran S (2010) An amperometric non-enzymatic glucose sensor by electrodepositing copper nanocubes onto vertically well-aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube arrays. Biosens Bioelectron 26(1):279–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2010.06.01410.1016/j.bios.2010.06.014 ↗
56. Dharaa K, Stanley J, Ta T, Bipin GN, Babu STG (2014) Pt-CuO nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide for the fabrication of highly sensitive non-enzymatic disposable glucose sensor. Sens Actuators B 195:197–20510.1016/j.snb.2014.01.044 ↗
57. Claussen JC et al (2012) Nanostructuring platinum nanoparticles on multilayered graphene petal nanosheets for electrochemical biosensing. Adv Func Mater 22(16):3399–3405. https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.20120055110.1002/adfm.201200551 ↗
58. Su L, Feng J, Zhou X, Ren C, Li H, Chen X (2012) Colorimetric detection of urine glucose based ZnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles. Analy chem. 84(13):5753–575810.1021/ac300939z ↗
59. Zhu J et al (2021) Laser-induced graphene non-enzymatic glucose sensors for on-body measurements. Biosens Bioelectron. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2021.11360610.1016/j.bios.2021.113606 ↗