Influence of lasing parameters on the morphology and electrical resistance of polyimide-based laser-induced graphene (LIG)
Source abstract
Abstract
Laser-induced graphene (LIG) uses a CO₂ infrared laser scriber for transforming specific polymer substrates into porous graphene. This technique is simple, scalable, low-cost, free of chemicals, and produces a 3D graphene for applications across many fields. However, the resulting 3D graphene is highly sensitive to the lasing parameters used in their production. Here, we report the effects of power, raster speed, number of lasing passes (with and without spot overlapping) on the resulting LIG structure, morphology, and sheet resistance, using a polyimide (PI) substrate. We find that the number of lasing passes, laser spot overlapping and brand of PI used had a strong influence on the quality of the LIG, measured in terms of the I_(G)/I_(D) and I_(2D) Raman bands and sheet resistance. Increasing number of passes and overlapping of laser spots led to increased LIG pore sizes, larger graphene scales, and reduced sheet resistance. Furthermore, the over-the-counter desktop CO₂ aser engraving unit used introduced additional restrictions that limited the quality of the LIG produced, particularly due to inconsistent control of the laser scribing speed and a poor thermal management of the laser unit.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Graphene research and applications · Thermal Radiation and Cooling Technologies · Laser-Ablation Synthesis of Nanoparticles
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (57)
Show source-provided references
1. Luong DX, Yang K, Yoon J, Singh SP, Wang T, Arnusch CJ, Tour JM (2019) Laser-induced graphene composites as multifunctional surfaces. ACS Nano. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b0962610.1021/acsnano.8b09626 ↗
2. Luong DX, Subramanian AK, Silva GAL, Yoon J, Cofer S, Yang K, Owuor PS, Wang T, Wang Z, Lou J, Ajayan PM, Tour JM (2018) Laminated object manufacturing of 3D-printed laser-induced graphene foams. Adv Mater 30:1707416. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20170741610.1002/adma.201707416 ↗
3. Katsnelson MI (2007) Graphene: carbon in two dimensions. Mater Today 10:20–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-7021(06)71788-610.1016/S1369-7021(06)71788-6 ↗
4. Huang X, Yin Z, Wu S, Qi X, He Q, Zhang Q, Yan Q, Boey F, Zhang H (2011) Graphene-based materials: synthesis, characterization, properties, and applications. Small 7:1876–1902. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.20100200910.1002/smll.201002009 ↗
5. Compton OC, Nguyen ST (2010) Graphene oxide, highly reduced graphene oxide, and graphene: versatile building blocks for carbon-based materials. Small 6:711–723. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.20090193410.1002/smll.200901934 ↗
6. Geim AK, Novoselov KS (2009) The rise of grapheme. Nanoscience and Technology. Co-Published with Macmillan Publishers Ltd, UK, pp 11–19. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814287005_000210.1142/9789814287005_0002 ↗
7. Choi W, Lahiri I, Seelaboyina R, Yong, Kang S, Kang YS (2010) Synthesis of graphene and its applications: a review. Crit Rev Solid State Mater Sci 35:52–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/1040843090350503610.1080/10408430903505036 ↗
8. Soldano C, Mahmood A, Dujardin E (2010) Production, properties and potential of graphene. Carbon N Y 48:2127–2150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2010.01.05810.1016/j.carbon.2010.01.058 ↗
9. Zhang Y-H, Chen Y-B, Zhou K-G, Liu C-H, Zeng J, Zhang H-L, Peng Y (2009) Improving gas sensing properties of graphene by introducing dopants and defects: a first-principles study. Nanotechnology 20:185504. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/20/18/18550410.1088/0957-4484/20/18/185504 ↗
10. Jaramillo-Botero A, Marmolejo-Tejada JM (2019) All-armchair graphene nanoribbon field-effect uridine diphosphate glucose sensor: first-principles in-silico design and characterization. IEEE Sens J 19:3975–3983. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2019.289644810.1109/JSEN.2019.2896448 ↗
11. Tour JM (2014) Top-down versus bottom-up fabrication of graphene-based electronics. Chem Mater 26:163–171. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm402179h10.1021/cm402179h ↗
12. Danilov MO, Slobodyanyuk IA, Rusetskii IA, Dovbeshko GI, Kolbasov GYA (2014) Influence of the synthesis conditions of reduced graphene oxide on the electrochemical characteristics of the oxygen electrode. Nanosci Nanotechnol Res 2:12–17. https://doi.org/10.12691/NNR-2-1-310.12691/NNR-2-1-3 ↗
13. Zhang Y, Zhang L, Zhou C (2013) Review of chemical vapor deposition of graphene and related applications. Acc Chem Res 46:2329–2339. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar300203n10.1021/ar300203n ↗
14. Geim AK (1979) Graphene: status and prospects. Science 324(2009):1530–1534. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.115887710.1126/science.1158877 ↗
15. Wassei JK, Kaner RB (2013) Oh, the places you’ll go with graphene. Acc Chem Res 46:2244–2253. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar300184v10.1021/ar300184v ↗
16. Kaidarova A, Kosel J (2021) Physical sensors based on laser-induced graphene: a review. IEEE Sens J 21:12426–12443. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.303484510.1109/JSEN.2020.3034845 ↗
17. El-Kady MF, Kaner RB (2013) Scalable fabrication of high-power graphene micro-supercapacitors for flexible and on-chip energy storage. Nat Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms244610.1038/ncomms2446 ↗
18. Lin J, Peng Z, Liu Y, Ruiz-Zepeda F, Ye R, Samuel ELG, Yacaman MJ, Yakobson BI, Tour JM (2014) Laser-induced porous graphene films from commercial polymers. Nat Commun 5:5714. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms671410.1038/ncomms6714 ↗
19. Vashisth A, Kowalik M, Gerringer JC, Ashraf C, van Duin ACT, Green MJ (2020) ReaxFF simulations of laser-induced graphene (LIG) formation for multifunctional polymer nanocomposites. ACS Appl Nano Mater 3:1881–1890. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsanm.9b0252410.1021/acsanm.9b02524 ↗
20. Murray R, Burke M, Iacopino D, Quinn AJ (2021) Design of experiments and optimization of laser-induced graphene. ACS Omega 6:16736–16743. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c0030910.1021/acsomega.1c00309 ↗
21. Behrent A, Griesche C, Sippel P, Baeumner AJ (2021) Process-property correlations in laser-induced graphene electrodes for electrochemical sensing. Microchim Acta 188:159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-021-04792-310.1007/s00604-021-04792-3 ↗
22. Du Q, Chen T, Liu J, Zeng X (2018) Surface microstructure and chemistry of polyimide by single pulse ablation of picosecond laser. Appl Surf Sci 434:588–595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2017.10.20010.1016/j.apsusc.2017.10.200 ↗
23. Duy LX, Peng Z, Li Y, Zhang J, Ji Y, Tour JM (2018) Laser-induced graphene fibers. Carbon N Y 126:472–479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2017.10.03610.1016/j.carbon.2017.10.036 ↗
24. Wang L, Wang Z, Bakhtiyari AN, Zheng H (2020) A comparative study of laser-induced graphene by CO2 infrared laser and 355 nm ultraviolet (UV) laser. Micromachines (Basel) 11:1094. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi1112109410.3390/mi11121094 ↗
25. Chen Y, Long J, Zhou S, Shi D, Huang Y, Chen X, Gao J, Zhao N, Wong C (2019) UV laser-induced polyimide-to-graphene conversion: modeling. Fabr, Appl, Small Methods 3:1900208. https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.20190020810.1002/smtd.201900208 ↗
26. Santos NF, Pereira SO, Moreira A, Girão AV, Carvalho AF, Fernandes AJS, Costa FM (2021) IR and UV laser-induced grapheme: application as dopamine electrochemical sensors. Adv Mater Technol 6:2100007. https://doi.org/10.1002/admt.20210000710.1002/admt.202100007 ↗
27. Li Y, Luong DX, Zhang J, Tarkunde YR, Kittrell C, Sargunaraj F, Ji Y, Arnusch CJ, Tour JM (2017) Laser-induced graphene in controlled atmospheres: from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic surfaces. Adv Mater 29:1700496. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20170049610.1002/adma.201700496 ↗
28. Stanford MG, Yang K, Chyan Y, Kittrell C, Tour JM (2019) Laser-induced graphene for flexible and embeddable gas sensors. ACS Nano 13:3474–3482. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.8b0962210.1021/acsnano.8b09622 ↗
29. Beduk T, Beduk D, de Oliveira Filho JI, Zihnioglu F, Cicek C, Sertoz R, Arda B, Goksel T, Turhan K, Salama KN, Timur S (2021) Rapid point-of-care COVID-19 diagnosis with a gold-nanoarchitecture-assisted laser-scribed. Anal Chem 93:8585–859410.1021/acs.analchem.1c01444 ↗
30. Wanjari VP, Reddy AS, Duttagupta SP, Singh SP (2022) Laser-induced graphene-based electrochemical biosensors for environmental applications: a perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-21035-x10.1007/s11356-022-21035-x ↗
31. Yi Y, Zhao Y, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Zhu G (2022) Recent developments in electrochemical detection of cadmium. Trends Environ Anal Chem 33:e00152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teac.2021.e0015210.1016/j.teac.2021.e00152 ↗
32. Beduk T, Lahcen AA, Tashkandi N, Salama KN (2020) One-step electrosynthesized molecularly imprinted polymer on laser scribed graphene bisphenol a sensor. Sens Actuators B Chem 314:128026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2020.12802610.1016/j.snb.2020.128026 ↗
33. Zhu J, Guo X, Wang H, Song W (2018) Cost-effective fabrication and high-frequency response of non-ideal RC application based on 3D porous laser-induced graphene. J Mater Sci 53:12413–12420. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-2514-y10.1007/s10853-018-2514-y ↗
34. Xu Y, Fei Q, Page M, Zhao G, Ling Y, Chen D, Yan Z (2021) Laser-induced graphene for bioelectronics and soft actuators. Nano Res 14:3033–3050. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-021-3441-910.1007/s12274-021-3441-9 ↗
35. Chyan Y, Ye R, Li Y, Singh SP, Arnusch CJ, Tour JM (2018) Laser-induced graphene by multiple lasing: toward electronics on cloth, paper, and food. ACS Nano 12:2176–2183. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.7b0853910.1021/acsnano.7b08539 ↗
36. Ye R, Chyan Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Han X, Kittrell C, Tour JM (2017) Laser-induced graphene formation on wood. Adv Mater 29:1702211. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20170221110.1002/adma.201702211 ↗
37. Ismail Z (2022) Laser writing of graphene on cellulose paper and analogous material for green and sustainable electronic: a concise review. Carbon Letters 32:1227–1245. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-022-00365-310.1007/s42823-022-00365-3 ↗
38. Jiang Y, Wan S, Zhao W, Yu W, Wang S, Yu Z, Yang Q, Zhou W, Liu X (2022) Reusable, magnetic laser-induced graphene for efficient removal of organic pollutants from water. Carbon Letters 32:1047–1064. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42823-022-00336-810.1007/s42823-022-00336-8 ↗
39. Vivaldi FM, Dallinger A, Bonini A, Poma N, Sembranti L, Biagini D, Salvo P, Greco F, di Francesco F (2021) Three-dimensional (3d) laser-induced graphene: structure, properties, and application to chemical sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 13:30245–30260. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c0561410.1021/acsami.1c05614 ↗
40. Enaganti PK, Kothuru A, Goel S (2022) Laser-induced graphene-based miniaturized, flexible, non-volatile resistive switching memory devices. J Mater Res. https://doi.org/10.1557/s43578-022-00590-610.1557/s43578-022-00590-6 ↗
41. Ye R, James DK, Tour JM (2019) Laser-induced graphene: from discovery to translation. Adv Mater 31:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20180362110.1002/adma.201803621 ↗
42. Claro PIC, Pinheiro T, Silvestre SL, Marques AC, Coelho J, Marconcini JM, Fortunato E, Mattoso LHC, Martins R (2022) Sustainable carbon sources for green laser-induced graphene: a perspective on fundamental principles, applications, and challenges. Appl Phys Rev 9:041305. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.010078510.1063/5.0100785 ↗
43. Wang H, Zhao Z, Liu P, Guo X (2022) Laser-Induced graphene based flexible electronic devices. Biosensors (Basel) 12:55. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios1202005510.3390/bios12020055 ↗
44. Huang L, Su J, Song Y, Ye R (2020) Laser-induced graphene: en route to smart sensing. Nanomicro Lett 12:157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40820-020-00496-010.1007/s40820-020-00496-0 ↗
45. Reina M, Scalia A, Auxilia G, Fontana M, Bella F, Ferrero S, Lamberti A (2022) Boosting electric double layer capacitance in laser-induced graphene-based supercapacitors. Adv Sustain Syst 6:2100228. https://doi.org/10.1002/adsu.20210022810.1002/adsu.202100228 ↗
46. Ming L, JiaNan W, HuanYu C (2022) Effects of laser processing parameters on properties of laser-induced graphene by irradiating CO 2 laser on polyimide. Sci China Technol Sci 65:41–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-021-1918-810.1007/s11431-021-1918-8 ↗
47. Kaur S, Mager D, Korvink JG, Islam M (2021) Unraveling the dependency on multiple passes in laser-induced graphene electrodes for supercapacitor and H2O2 sensing. Mater Sci Energy Technol 4:407–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mset.2021.09.00410.1016/j.mset.2021.09.004 ↗
48. The GIMP Development Team (2022). GIMP. https://www.gimp.org
49. Dallinger A, Keller K, Fitzek H, Greco F (2020) Stretchable and skin-conformable conductors based on polyurethane/laser-induced graphene. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12:19855–19865. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.0c0314810.1021/acsami.0c03148 ↗
50. Soares RRA, Hjort RG, Pola CC, Parate K, Reis EL, Soares NFF, McLamore ES, Claussen JC, Gomes CL (2020) Laser-induced graphene electrochemical immunosensors for rapid and label-free monitoring of salmonella enterica in chicken broth. ACS Sens 5:1900–1911. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.9b0234510.1021/acssensors.9b02345 ↗
51. Tian Q, Yan W, Li Y, Ho D (2020) Bean Pod-inspired ultrasensitive and self-healing pressure sensor based on laser-induced graphene and polystyrene microsphere sandwiched structure. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 12:9710–9717. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.9b1887310.1021/acsami.9b18873 ↗
52. Yoon D, Moon H, Cheong H, Choi JS, Choi JA, Park BH (2009) Variations in the Raman spectrum as a function of the number of graphene layers. J Korean Phys Soc 55:1299–1303. https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.55.129910.3938/jkps.55.1299 ↗
53. Ferrari AC, Meyer JC, Scardaci V, Casiraghi C, Lazzeri M, Mauri F, Piscanec S, Jiang D, Novoselov KS, Roth S, Geim AK (2006) Raman Spectrum of graphene and graphene layers. Phys Rev Lett 97:187401. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.18740110.1103/PhysRevLett.97.187401 ↗
54. Li X, Sagar RUR, Zhong L, Liu Y, Hui D, Zhang M (2019) Nonsaturating negative magnetoresistance in laser-induced graphene. Mater Lett 248:43–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2019.04.00210.1016/j.matlet.2019.04.002 ↗
55. Childres I, Jauregui LA, Park W, Caoa H, Chena YP (2013) Raman spectroscopy of graphene and related materials. New Dev Photon Mater Res 1:403–418
56. Cardoso AR, Marques AC, Santos L, Carvalho AF, Costa FM, Martins R, Sales MGF, Fortunato E (2019) Molecularly-imprinted chloramphenicol sensor with laser-induced graphene electrodes. Biosens Bioelectron 124–125:167–175. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.01510.1016/j.bios.2018.10.015 ↗
57. Ling Y, Pang W, Li X, Goswami S, Xu Z, Stroman D, Liu Y, Fei Q, Xu Y, Zhao G, Sun B, Xie J, Huang G, Zhang Y, Yan Z (2020) Laser-induced graphene for electrothermally controlled, mechanically guided, 3D Assembly and human-soft actuators interaction. Adv Mater 32:1908475. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20190847510.1002/adma.201908475 ↗