Three‐Stage Heat Transfer Pathways in the Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System With Solid–Liquid Phase‐Change Materials

ABSTRACT The latent heat thermal energy storage system with solid–liquid phase‐change material (SLPCM‐LHTES) as energy storage medium provides outstanding advantages such as system simplicity, stable temperature control, and high energy storage density, showing great potential toward addressing the energy storage problems associated with decentralized, intermittent, and unstable renewable energy sources. Notably, effective heat transfer within the SLPCM‐LHTES is crucial for extending its application potential. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the heat transfer processes in SLPCM‐LHTES from a theoretical perspective is necessary. In this review, we propose a three‐stage heat transfer pathway in SLPCM‐LHTES, including external heating, interfacial heat transfer, and intrinsic phase transition processes. From the perspective of this three‐stage pathway, the theoretical basis of heat transfer processes and typical efficiency enhancement strategies in SLPCM‐LHTES are summarized. Moreover, an overview of the typical applications of SLPCM‐LHTES in various fields, such as building energy efficiency, textiles and garments, and battery thermal management, is presented. Finally, the remaining challenges and possible avenues of research in this burgeoning field will also be discussed.