Enabling heterogeneous catalysis to achieve carbon neutrality: Directional catalytic conversion of CO₂ into carboxylic acids

Abstract The increase in anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions has exacerbated the deterioration of the global environment, which should be controlled to achieve carbon neutrality. Central to the core goal of achieving carbon neutrality is the utilization of CO₂ under economic and sustainable conditions. Recently, the strong need for carbon neutrality has led to a proliferation of studies on the direct conversion of CO₂ into carboxylic acids, which can effectively alleviate CO₂ emissions and create high‐value chemicals. The purpose of this review is to present the application prospects of carboxylic acids and the basic principles of CO₂ conversion into carboxylic acids through photo‐, electric‐, and thermal catalysis. Special attention is focused on the regulation strategy of the activity of abundant catalysts at the molecular level, inspiring the preparation of high‐performance catalysts. In addition, theoretical calculations, advanced technologies, and numerous typical examples are introduced to elaborate on the corresponding process and influencing factors of catalytic activity. Finally, challenges and prospects are provided for the future development of this field. It is hoped that this review will contribute to a deeper understanding of the conversion of CO₂ into carboxylic acids and inspire more innovative breakthroughs.