Laser Microengineering of Photonic Devices in Glass

We have been studying the refractive index changes and vacancies that are induced in transparent materials like glass by the irradiation of femtosecond laser pulses. This technique has been applied to fabricate three-dimensional photonic structures such as optical data storages, waveguides, gratings, and couplers inside a wide variety of transparent materials. We report micro-fabrication experiments of optical elements in glasses with femtosecond laser pulses, including fabrication of couplers, Bragg gratings, and zone plates and holograms on the surface of glass. A trial fabrication experiment on organic materials is also reported.