Research on the traceability method of heavy metal pollution in typical wetlands

In order to study the source of heavy metal pollution in Baiyangdian Lake, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology was used to analyze Fe, Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni, and As elements in the wetland bottom mud and fish gills of the lake. The methods of correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis are combined to analyze the characteristic spectra of heavy metal elements in the wetland bottom mud and fish gills. Research results show that the pollution sources of Longwangdian, Maidian, Wangjiazhai, and fish gills can be classified into three types. The first pollution source of Longwangdian is Fe, Cd, Pb, and As. The second is Ni, Zn, and Cu. The third is Cr. The first pollution source of Maidian is Fe, Cd, Zn, and Cr. The second is Cu, Pb, and As. The third is Ni. The first pollution source of Wangjiazhai is Fe, Cd, As, Cr, and Cu. The second is Ni and Zn. The third is Pb. The first pollution source of fish gills is Fe, Cd, Zn, Cr, Ni, and As. The second is Pb. The third is Cu. The similarity of heavy metal sources between fish gills and Maidian is higher than that of the other two wetlands. It is determined that the heavy metals in fish gills come from the bottom mud of Maidian. The research results can provide a basis for ecological protection and heavy metal pollution prevention and control in Baiyangdian Lake.