Graphene/graphene oxide: A new material for electrorheological and magnetorheological applications

The presence of functional groups provides graphene oxide sheets amphiphilic abilities with lower electrical conductivity and relatively high polarizability, which is appropriate for its electrorheological effect. In addition, because the graphene oxide sheets possess high surface area and relatively low particle density, graphene-/graphene oxide–supported materials have also attracted significant interest for fascinating magnetorheological applications. In this article, we briefly review the fabrication mechanisms and electrorheological characteristics of graphene-/graphene oxide–based electrorheological systems, such as pure graphene oxide sheets and various graphene-/graphene oxide–based polymer composites and nanocomposites of graphene/graphene oxide sheets with inorganic particles. As for the magnetorheological fluid application, the fabrication of graphene oxide sheets coated on the surface of carbonyl iron particles and graphene oxide/iron oxide composites are covered regarding improved dispersibility of the magnetorheological suspensions.