Preparation and low-velocity impact resistance of aramid biomimetic scale knitted fabrics

This study developed a biomimetic scale knitted fabric (BSKF) using aramid yarns, inspired by the natural structure of pangolin scales, to enhance the flexibility and impact resistance of protective textiles. The BSKF was fabricated via a double-needle bed high-speed computerized flat knitted machine, creating a double-layer three-dimensional fabric with a surface scale part and a basal layer. Two types were produced: BSKF without inter-weft yarn and BSKFW with inter-weft yarn insertion. Mechanical tests showed that both BSKF and BSKFW exhibited superior flexibility and distinct tensile failure behaviors. The BSKFW demonstrated enhanced structural stability and higher tensile stress in the weft direction due to the inter-weft yarn. Low-velocity impact tests revealed that BSKF had a threshold damage energy of 30J, with significant damage at the junction between the scale and base layers at higher energies. BSKFW exhibited reduced deformation and improved impact resistance compared to BSKF. Double-layer BSKF and BSKFW demonstrated even greater impact resistance, effectively distributing and dissipating impact energy. BSKF maintains the flexibility of protective textiles while enhancing their impact resistance. This study provides insights for the development of next-generation protective materials.