Thermogravimetric Analysis of a Cellulosic Fabric Incorporated with Ammonium Iron (II)-Sulfate Hexahydrate as a Flame-retardant
Source abstract
Abstract
The effect of ammonium iron (II)-sulfate hexahydrate [(NH4)2Fe (SO4)2.6H2O] as a nondurable finish on the flammability of 100% cotton fabric, (woven construction, weighing 144 g/m2) has been investigated. The laundered bone-dried, weighed fabrics are impregnated with suitable concentrations of the above-mentioned salt solution by means of squeeze rolls and drying at 110°C for 30 min. They are then cooled in a desiccator, re-weighed with an analytical balance, and kept under ordinary conditions before the fulfilment of the vertical flame test. The optimum add-on values to impart flame-retardancy expressed in g anhydrous ammonium iron (II)-sulfate hexahydrate per 100 g fabric are about 23.62—25.82%. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTG) of pure cotton, treated cotton, and the salt is fulfilled and their thermograms are compared and commented. The results are in compliance with `Gas theory' and `Chemical theory'.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Flame retardant materials and properties · Fire dynamics and safety research · Thermal and Kinetic Analysis
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gilan University P.O. Box 1914, Rasht, Iran,
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Gilan University P.O. Box 1914, Rasht, Iran
References (28)
Show source-provided references
1. 10.1016/S0032-3861(03)00277-510.1016/S0032-3861(03)00277-5 ↗
2. 10.1016/S0040-6031(02)00025-410.1016/S0040-6031(02)00025-4 ↗
3. 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.01.02810.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.01.028 ↗
4. 10.1002/pen.76032050510.1002/pen.760320505 ↗
5. Sobolov, I. and Woycheshin, E.A. (1987). In: Katz, H.S. and Milewski, J. (eds). Handbook of Fillers for Plastics, pp. 292, Van Norstrand Reinhold, New York.
6. 10.1016/S0141-3910(02)00294-X10.1016/S0141-3910(02)00294-X ↗
7. 10.1016/S0142-9418(99)00072-010.1016/S0142-9418(99)00072-0 ↗
8. 10.1002/app.1094610.1002/app.10946 ↗
9. 10.1016/S0016-2361(98)00068-410.1016/S0016-2361(98)00068-4 ↗
10. Font, R. · J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol. · 2001 · 58 · 931
11. Farhan, F.M. · J. Chem. · 1990 · 1 · 117
12. Farhan, F.M. · J. Chem. · 1991 · 2 · P163
13. Mostashari, S.M. · J. Chem. · 2005 · 17 · 434
14. Mostashari, S.M. · J. Chem. · 2003 · 13 · 115
15. Mostashari, S.M. · J. Chem. · 2005 · 17 · 1469
16. Mostashari, S.M. · J. Chem. · 2005 · 17 · 2007
17. Mostashari, S.M. · Intern. J. Chem. · 2005 · 15 · 89
18. 10.1007/s10573-005-0052-910.1007/s10573-005-0052-9 ↗
19. Mostashari, S.M. · Asian J. Chem. · 2005 · 17 · 2803
20. Mostashari, S.M. · J. Chem. · 2005 · 17 · 2331
21. Mostashari, S.M. (1978). The Production of Flame-Retarded Acetate Rayon, M Phil. Thesis, p. 13, University of Leeds, Leeds.
22. 10.1016/S0165-2370(97)00043-010.1016/S0165-2370(97)00043-0 ↗
23. 10.1023/A:101013212181110.1023/A:1010132121811 ↗
24. Alger, R. (1972). Pyrolysis and Combustion of Cellulosic Materials , In: The Mechanisms of Pyrolysis, Oxidation, and Burning of Organic Materials, National Bureau of Standards Special Publ. No. 357, pp. 171—183, Gaithersburg.
25. Hornig, J.F., Soderberg, R.H., Barefoot, A.C. and Galasyn, J.F. (1985). Wood Smoke Analysis: Vaporization Losses of PAH from Filters and Levoglucosan as a Distinctive Marker for Wood Smoke, In: Cooke, M. and Dennis, A.J. (eds), Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Mechanisms, Methods, and Metabolism, pp. 561—568, Battelle Press, Columbus.
26. 10.1016/0008-6215(83)88102-610.1016/0008-6215(83)88102-6 ↗
27. 10.1021/ba-1984-0207.ch01310.1021/ba-1984-0207.ch013 ↗
28. 10.1021/ed078p4110.1021/ed078p41 ↗