Synchronous enhancement of safety protection and impact perception in intelligent leather
Source abstract
Abstract
High protection performance and intelligence are gradually becoming indispensable key factors with the ever-improving personal protective equipment. However, protective material that can not only resist but also percept full type of impacts is an urgent need due to complex combat scenarios. This work reports an intelligent leather/shear stiffening gel (SSG)/Kevlar-shear thickening fluid (STF)/non-woven fabric (LSKSN) composite, which exhibits superior and comprehensive impact resistance performance in needle puncture, knife puncture, ballistic impact, and blunt impact. Especially, the LSKSN composite not only improves the puncture resistance performance by 71% but also still maintains a large resistance after being punctured. Moreover, the LSKSN composite possesses a high limit penetrated velocity of 159 m s−1 and can dissipate a high impact energy of 24.6 J, causing the bulletproof to be improved by 22%. Due to the excellent force-buffering performance and rate-dependent energy dissipation characteristics in wide-impact energy, the maximum energy dissipation rate of the LSKSN composite reaches 95%. Simultaneously, the further developed electronic LSKSN (E-LSKSN) composite shows outstanding perceptual capability, which is sensitive to various impacts and can accurately identify the impact types through different resistance changes (10–8000%) and response times (0.1–100 ms). Finally, based on the bending sensing and impact sensing properties of the E-LSKSN composite, a wireless signal transmission system is constructed to monitor the safety and movement status of the human body in real-time, which demonstrates this LSKSN composite possesses high potential in the next generation of intelligent protective equipment.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Ocular and Laser Science Research · Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials · Robot Manipulation and Learning
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (59)
Show source-provided references
1. Gu GX, Takaffoli M, Buehler MJ (2017) Hierarchically enhanced impact resistance of bioinspired composites. Adv Mater 29:1700060. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.20170006010.1002/adma.201700060 ↗
2. Kim J, Jia X (2020) From space to battlefield: a new breed of multifunctional fiber sheets for extreme environments. Matter 3:602–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2020.08.01610.1016/j.matt.2020.08.016 ↗
3. Tu H, Xu P, Yang Z, Tang F, Dong C, Chen Y, Cao W, Huang C, Guo Y, Wei Y (2023) Effect of shear thickening gel on microstructure and impact resistance of ethylene-vinyl acetate foam. Compos Struct 311:116811. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2023.11681110.1016/j.compstruct.2023.116811 ↗
4. Ma D, Wang C, Xu W, Jia S, Qi F (2023) Shock wave mitigation and impact resistance response of kevlar fabric with novel shear-stiffening gel core. J Mater Res Technol 27:839–851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2023.09.21710.1016/j.jmrt.2023.09.217 ↗
5. Krishna TejaPalleti HN, Gurusamy S, Kumar S, Soni R, John B, Vaidya R, Bhoge A, Naik NK (2012) Ballistic impact performance of metallic targets. Mater Des 39:253–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2012.02.03310.1016/j.matdes.2012.02.033 ↗
6. Wei Y, Li Y, Zhu L, Liu Y, Lei X, Wang G, Wu Y, Mi Z, Liu J, Wang H, Gao H (2014) Evading the strength-ductility trade-off dilemma in steel through gradient hierarchical nanotwins. Nat Commun 5:3580. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms458010.1038/ncomms4580 ↗
7. Yi R, Yin L, Wang J, Chen Z, Hu D (2017) Study on the performance of ceramic composite projectile penetrating into ceramic composite target. Def Technol 13:295–299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2017.05.00910.1016/j.dt.2017.05.009 ↗
8. Gilson L, Rabet L, Imad A, Coghe F (2020) Experimental and numerical assessment of non-penetrating impacts on a composite protection and ballistic gelatine. Int J Impact Eng 136:103417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2019.10341710.1016/j.ijimpeng.2019.103417 ↗
9. Zhang Q, Scarpa F, Barton D, Zhu Y, Lang Z, Zhang D, Peng HX (2022) Impact properties of uniaxially thermoformed auxetic foams. Int J Impact Eng 163:104176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2022.10417610.1016/j.ijimpeng.2022.104176 ↗
10. Zhu JQ, Gu ZP, Liu ZP, Zhong FC, Wu XQ, Huang CG (2022) Silicone rubber matrix composites with shear thickening fluid microcapsules realizing intelligent adaptation to impact loadings. Compos Part B-Eng 247:110312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.11031210.1016/j.compositesb.2022.110312 ↗
11. Khodadadi A, Liaghat G, Ahmadi H, Bahramian AR, Razmkhah O (2019) Impact response of Kevlar/rubber composite. Compos Sci Technol 184:107880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2019.10788010.1016/j.compscitech.2019.107880 ↗
12. Stephen C, Shivamurthy B, Mohan M, Mourad AI, Selvam R, Thimmappa BHS (2022) Low velocity impact behavior of fabric reinforced polymer composites– a review. Eng Sci 18:75–97. https://doi.org/10.30919/es8d67010.30919/es8d670 ↗
13. Ye XY, Chen Y, Yang J, Yang HY, Wang DW, Xu BB, Ren J, Sridhar D, Guo Z, Shi ZJ (2023) Sustainable wearable infrared shielding bamboo fiber fabrics loaded with antimony doped tin oxide/silver binary nanoparticles. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 6:106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-023-00683-810.1007/s42114-023-00683-8 ↗
14. Wang W, Liu Y, Li S, Dong K, Wang S, Cai P, Hou L, Dou H, Liang D, Algadi H, Fan W (2023) Lead-free and wearing comfort 3D composite fiber-needled fabric for highly efficient X-ray shielding. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 6:76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-023-00642-310.1007/s42114-023-00642-3 ↗
15. Wu Y, Huang K, Weng X, Wang R, Du P, Liu J, Lin S, Huang K, Yang H, Lei M (2022) Pvb coating efficiently improves the high stability of EMI shielding fabric with Cu/Ni. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 5:71–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-021-00401-210.1007/s42114-021-00401-2 ↗
16. Karahan M, Kuş A, Eren R (2008) An investigation into ballistic performance and energy absorption capabilities of woven aramid fabrics. Int J Impact Eng 35:499–510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.04.00310.1016/j.ijimpeng.2007.04.003 ↗
17. Karahan M (2008) Comparison of ballistic performance and energy absorption capabilities of woven and unidirectional aramid fabrics. Text Res J 78:718–730. https://doi.org/10.1177/004051750809048710.1177/0040517508090487 ↗
18. Karahan M, Karahan N, Nasir MA, Nawab Y (2018) Effect of structural hybridization on ballistic performance of aramid fabrics. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 32:795–814. https://doi.org/10.1177/089270571878019710.1177/0892705718780197 ↗
19. Jabbar M, Karahan M, Nawab Y, Ashraf M, Hussain T (2018) Effect of silica nanoparticles on mechanical properties of Kevlar/epoxy hybrid composites. J Text Inst 110:606–613. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2018.152921310.1080/00405000.2018.1529213 ↗
20. Khan MI, Umair M, Hussain R, Karahan M, Nawab Y (2021) Investigation of impact properties of para-aramid composites made with a thermoplastic-thermoset blend. J Thermoplast Compos Mater 36:866–866. https://doi.org/10.1177/0892705721102146410.1177/08927057211021464 ↗
21. Li Y, Wang F, Huang C, Ren J, Wang D, Kong J, Liu T, Long L (2023) Impact damage reduction of woven composites subject to pulse current. Nat Commun 14:5046. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40752-610.1038/s41467-023-40752-6 ↗
22. Zhao C, Xu C, Cao S, Xuan S, Jiang W, Gong X (2019) Anti-impact behavior of a novel soft body armor based on shear thickening gel (STG) impregnated Kevlar fabrics. Smart Mater Struct 28:075036. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-665X/ab21f710.1088/1361-665X/ab21f7 ↗
23. Serra GF, Oliveira L, Gürgen S, de Sousa RJA, Fernandes FAO (2024) Shear thickening fluid (STF) in engineering applications and the potential of cork in STF-based composites. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 327:103157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2024.10315710.1016/j.cis.2024.103157 ↗
24. Lu W, Zhang Q, Qin F, Xu P, Chen Q, Wang H, Scarpa F, Peng HX (2021) Hierarchical network structural composites for extraordinary energy dissipation inspired by the cat paw. Appl Mater Today 25:101222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2021.10122210.1016/j.apmt.2021.101222 ↗
25. Fan ZY, Zhao CY, Wu JP, Cai YB, Zhou JY, Zhang JS, Gong XL, Xuan SH (2022) Intelligent safeguarding leather with excellent energy absorption via the toughness-flexibility coupling designation. Compos Pt A-Appl Sci Manuf 161:107078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2022.10707810.1016/j.compositesa.2022.107078 ↗
26. Zhang K, Gao Q, Jiang J, Chan M, Zhai X, Jin L, Zhang J, Li J, Liao WH (2024) High energy dissipation and self-healing auxetic foam by integrating shear thickening gel. Compos Sci Technol 249:110475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compscitech.2024.11047510.1016/j.compscitech.2024.110475 ↗
27. Wang X, Tao Y, Zhao C, Sang M, Wu J, Leung KC, Fan Z, Gong X, Xuan S (2024) Bionic-leaf vein inspired breathable anti-impact wearable electronics with health monitoring, electromagnetic interference shielding and thermal management. J Mater Sci Technol 188:216–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2023.11.03810.1016/j.jmst.2023.11.038 ↗
28. Chen Y, Dang B, Fu J, Zhang J, Liang H, Sun Q, Zhai T, Li H (2022) Bioinspired construction of micronano lignocellulose into an impact resistance “wooden armor” with bouligand structure. ACS Nano 16:7525–7534. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsnano.1c1072510.1021/acsnano.1c10725 ↗
29. Kim Y, Sathish Kumar SK, Park Y, Kwon H, Kim C (2020) High-velocity impact onto a high-frictional fabric treated with adhesive spray coating and shear thickening fluid impregnation. Compos Part B-Eng 185:107742. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.10774210.1016/j.compositesb.2020.107742 ↗
30. Cheon J, Lee M, Kim M (2020) Study on the stab resistance mechanism and performance of the carbon, glass and aramid fiber reinforced polymer and hybrid composites. Compos Struct 234:111690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2019.11169010.1016/j.compstruct.2019.111690 ↗
31. Wang X, Zhang J, Bao L, Yang W, Zhou F, Liu W (2020) Enhancement of the ballistic performance of aramid fabric with polyurethane and shear thickening fluid. Mater Des 196:109015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2020.10901510.1016/j.matdes.2020.109015 ↗
32. Xu Y, Rao S, Wendi Y, Junchao Y, Liu F, Cheng GJ (2024) Revolutionizing protective materials: ultrahigh peak viscosity through MOF-enhanced shear thickening fluid for advanced soft body armor. Appl Mater Today 37:102126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmt.2024.10212610.1016/j.apmt.2024.102126 ↗
33. Yao Y, Fan Z, Sang M, Gong X, Xuan S (2024) Anti-impact composite based on shear stiffening gel: structural design and multifunctional applications. Giant 18:100285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giant.2024.10028510.1016/j.giant.2024.100285 ↗
34. He Q, Cao S, Wang Y, Xuan S, Wang P, Gong X (2018) Impact resistance of shear thickening fluid/Kevlar composite treated with shear-stiffening gel. Compos Pt A-Appl Sci Manuf 106:82–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2017.12.01910.1016/j.compositesa.2017.12.019 ↗
35. Bai Z, Wang X, Huang M, Li J, Sun S, Zou X, Xie L, Wang X, Xue P, Feng Y et al (2024) Robust integration of “top-down” strategy and triple-structure design for nature-skin derived e-skin with superior elasticity and ascendency strain and vibration sensitivity. Nano Energy 120:109142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.10914210.1016/j.nanoen.2023.109142 ↗
36. Zeng S, Xu D, Yang Q, Zhang H, Zhao H, He L (2022) Mechanochemistry promoted in-situ compatibilization for highly toughened elastomer and super elastic foam. Compos Part B-Eng 246:110261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.11026110.1016/j.compositesb.2022.110261 ↗
37. Liu C, Yin Q, Li X, Hao L, Zhang W, Bao Y, Ma J (2021) A waterborne polyurethane-based leather finishing agent with excellent room temperature self-healing properties and wear-resistance. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 4:138–149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-021-00206-310.1007/s42114-021-00206-3 ↗
38. Yang W, Quan H, Meyers MA, Ritchie RO (2019) Arapaima fish scale: one of the toughest flexible biological materials. Matter 1:1557–1566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2019.09.01410.1016/j.matt.2019.09.014 ↗
39. Surianarayanan P, Balaji N, Balasubramanian K (2023) Effect of silane-treated chitosan carbohydrate polymer and tanned leather/areca fiber hybrid epoxy composites on mechanical, drop load, and fatigue properties. Biomass Convers Biorefinery 1:1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-03882-x10.1007/s13399-023-03882-x ↗
40. Fan Z, Sang M, Gong X, Leung KC, Xuan S (2024) From natural leather to intelligent wearable nanocomposite: design and application. Soft Science 4:10. https://doi.org/10.20517/ss.2023.4710.20517/ss.2023.47 ↗
41. Xing F, Gao X, Wen J, Li H, Liu H, Wang ZL, Chen B (2024) Multistrand twisted triboelectric Kevlar yarns for harvesting high impact energy, body injury location and levels evaluation. Adv Sci 11:2401076. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.20240107610.1002/advs.202401076 ↗
42. Zhao X, Du Y, Li W, Zhao Z, Lei M (2023) Organic/inorganic hybrids for intelligent sensing and wearable clean energy applications. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 6:176. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-023-00751-z10.1007/s42114-023-00751-z ↗
43. Zhan XQ, Ran ZQ, Bao HY, Ye Q, Chen H, Fu Q, Ni W, Xu JM, Ma N, Tsai FC (2023) Intelligent hydrogel on-off controller sensor for irrigation. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 7:6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-023-00821-210.1007/s42114-023-00821-2 ↗
44. Seol M, Hwang U, Kim J, Eom D, Park IK, Kim H, Suhr J, Nam JD (2023) Solution printable multifunctional polymer-based composites for smart electromagnetic interference shielding with tunable frequency and on-off selectivities. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 6:46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-022-00609-w10.1007/s42114-022-00609-w ↗
45. Song J, Shi R, Bai X, Algadi H, Sridhar D (2022) An overview of surface with controllable wettability for microfluidic system, intelligent cleaning, water harvesting, and surface protection. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 6:22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-022-00603-210.1007/s42114-022-00603-2 ↗
46. Xu Y, Zhang R, Zhong Z, Yang L (2022) Bifunctional bimetal-poss films integrating UV-IR shielding and reversible thermochromism. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 5:3023–3034. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-022-00546-810.1007/s42114-022-00546-8 ↗
47. Zou B, Chen Y, Liu Y, Xie R, Du Q, Zhang T, Shen Y, Zheng B, Li S, Wu J et al (2019) Repurposed leather with sensing capabilities for multifunctional electronic skin. Adv Sci 6:1801283. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.20180128310.1002/advs.201801283 ↗
48. Zhang S, Xiao Y, Chen H, Zhang Y, Liu H, Qu C, Shao H, Xu Y (2023) Flexible triboelectric tactile sensor based on a robust MXene/leather film for human-machine interaction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 15:13802–13812. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.3c0012610.1021/acsami.3c00126 ↗
49. Fan Z, Lu L, Sang M, Wu J, Wang X, Xu F, Gong X, Luo T, Leung KC, Xuan S (2023) Wearable safeguarding leather composite with excellent sensing, thermal management, and electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv Sci 10:2302412. https://doi.org/10.1002/advs.20230241210.1002/advs.202302412 ↗
50. Liu S, Fan X, Yuan F, Sang M, Zhou J, Zhang J, Xuan S, Wang S, Gong X (2022) Enabling thermally enhanced vibration attenuation via biomimetic Zr-fumarate MOF-based shear thickening fluid. Compos Part B-Eng 239:109964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2022.10996410.1016/j.compositesb.2022.109964 ↗
51. Lyu B, Guo Z, Gao D, Zhou Y, Guo S, Zhu J, Ma J (2024) Ultralight flexible collagen fiber based aerogels derived from leather solid waste for high electromagnetic interference shielding. Langmuir 40:9215–9223. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c0061110.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00611 ↗
52. Karahan M, Jabbar A, Karahan N (2014) Ballistic impact behavior of the aramid and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene composites. J Reinf Plast Compos 34:37–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/073168441456222310.1177/0731684414562223 ↗
53. Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhou J, Zhao C, Wu Y, Liu S, Gong X (2021) Intralayer interfacial sliding effect on the anti-impact performance of STF/Kevlar composite fabric. Compos Pt A-Appl Sci Manuf 145:106401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.10640110.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106401 ↗
54. Mehmet K, Kenan Y (2015) Low velocity impact behaviour of aramid and UHMWPE composites. Fibres Text East Eur 23:97–105. https://doi.org/10.5604/12303666.115252210.5604/12303666.1152522 ↗
55. Huang K, Wu Y, Liu J, Chang G, Pan X, Weng X, Wang Y, Lei M (2022) A double-layer CNTs/PVA hydrogel with high stretchability and compressibility for human motion detection. Eng Sci 17:319–327. https://doi.org/10.30919/es8d62510.30919/es8d625 ↗
56. Yao C, Zhao W, Liu L, Liu Q, Li J (2023) Flexible, programable sensing system with poly(Aam-HEMA-SA) for human motion detection. ES Mater Manuf 20:818. https://doi.org/10.30919/esmm5f81810.30919/esmm5f818 ↗
57. Wu Z, Deng X, Yu X, Gu J, El-Bahy ZM, Mersal GAM, Zhang J, Alhadhrami A, Xu H, Guo N et al (2024) Electrospun thermoplastic polyurethane membrane decorated with carbon nanotubes: a platform of flexible strain sensors for human motion monitoring. Polymer 303:127120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2024.12712010.1016/j.polymer.2024.127120 ↗
58. Liu Y, Wang J, Chen J, Yuan Q, Zhu Y (2023) Ultrasensitive iontronic pressure sensor based on rose-structured ionogel dielectric layer and compressively porous electrodes. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 6:210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-023-00765-710.1007/s42114-023-00765-7 ↗
59. Shen T, Liu S, Yue X, Wang Z, Liu H, Yin R, Liu C, Shen C (2023) High-performance fibrous strain sensor with synergistic sensing layer for human motion recognition and robot control. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater 6:127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42114-023-00701-910.1007/s42114-023-00701-9 ↗