Synergetic antibacterial and UV-protective finishing of cotton fabric functionalized with copper oxide nanoparticles and phenolic compounds of Azolla Nilotica algae extracts

A new approach for functional finishing of cotton fabric using copper oxide nanoparticles and the phenolic compound of Azolla nilotica algae extract synergistically. In this sense, green synthesis nanoparticles have gained enormous attention in today’s world due to the ongoing demand to develop risk-free and high-efficiency functional cotton fabric compared to other methods. This study carried out the green synthesis of CuONPs with algae extract as a reducing agent and CuSO4 as a metal precursor. Phenolic compounds were prepared from algae extract through liquid-phase separation and combined with CuONPs to enhance the functionality of cotton. CuONPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR spectral analysis, and a UV-vis spectrophotometer. The average particle size obtained was 21.59 nm. Optimization of process parameters for treating cotton fabric with CuONPs and phenolic compounds of algae extract was done using Box Behenken Design through the dip coating method. Finally, the fabric was evaluated for its multi-functionality in terms of antibacterial activity and percent blocking of ultraviolet radiation. From the optimization solution, the optimum values of 27.625 mm Zone of inhibition (ZOI) for gram-negative bacteria, 23.88 mm ZOI for gram-positive bacteria, and percent blocking of ultraviolet radiation with a value of 99.99% were obtained. In summary, the combination of CuONPs and phenolic compounds in Azolla notica algae extract possesses excellent potential for the functionalization of cotton fabric without affecting its comfort properties. Hence, they can be used as an inexpensive, promising, and efficient alternative for functional purposes.