Impact of gas formation on the transfer of Ti and O from TiO2-bearing basic-fluoride fluxes to submerged arc welded metals: A thermodynamic approach
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract Gas-slag-metal equilibrium calculations are performed to investigate the transfer of Ti and O to submerged arc welded metals with increasing TiO2 addition in basic-fluoride fluxes. The results indicate that activities of TiO2 and Ti2O3 considering slag-metal reactions alone do not account for Ti transfer behaviors since TiF3 gas tends to form and reduce Ti-oxide activities. Thermodynamic simulation indicates that consideration of gases is essential to improve the prediction accuracy of Ti and O concentrations.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics · Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses · Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (42)
Show source-provided references
1. Physical phenomena in the weld zone of submerged arc welding—a review
2. Chai · 1980
3. Slag-metal reactions during welding: part II. theory10.1007/BF02672529 ↗
4. Physical and chemical behavior of welding fluxes10.1146/annurev.ms.16.080186.002133 ↗
5. Nature and behavior of fluxes used for welding
6. Effect of TiO2-containing fluxes on the mechanical properties and microstructure in submerged-arc weld steels10.1016/j.matchar.2008.06.003 ↗
7. New fluxes of improved weld metal toughness for HSLA steels
8. Tuning weld metal mechanical responses via welding flux optimization of TiO2 content: application into EH36 shipbuilding steel10.1007/s11663-019-01645-6 ↗
9. Slag/metal interaction, O and toughness in submerged arc welding
10. Effect of TiO2 enriched fluxes on the bead geometry, grain size and hardness in submerged arc welds10.1504/IJMPT.2018.092073 ↗
11. Flux composition dependence of microstructure and toughness of submerged arc HSLA weldments
12. On the role of non-metallic inclusions in the nucleation of acicular ferrite in steels10.2355/isijinternational.49.1063 ↗
13. Influences of titanium and manganese on high strength low alloy SAW weld metal properties10.1016/j.matchar.2008.09.005 ↗
14. The sources of oxygen and nitrogen contamination in submerged arc welding using CaO-Al2O3 based fluxes
15. Sources of weld metal oxygen contamination during submerged arc welding
16. The effect of small changes in flux basicity on the acicular ferrite content and mechanical properties of submerged arc weld metal of Navy HY-100 steel
17. Element transfer behaviors of fused CaF2-SiO2 fluxes subject to high heat input submerged arc welding10.1007/s11663-019-01753-3 ↗
18. Element transfer behaviors of fused CaF2-SiO2-MnO fluxes under high heat input submerged arc welding10.1007/s11663-020-01821-z ↗
19. Notch toughness of commercial submerged arc weld metal
20. Slag metal reactions in binary CaF2—metal oxide welding fluxes
21. Kou · 2003
22. Slag-metal equilibrium during submerged arc welding10.1007/BF02654325 ↗
23. Slag-metal reactions during welding: part I. Evaluation and reassessment of existing theories10.1007/BF02672528 ↗
24. Slag-metal reactions during welding: part III. verification of the theory10.1007/BF02672530 ↗
25. Effects of welding flux additions on 4340 steel weld metal composition
26. Chemical reactions during submerged arc welding with FeO-MnO-SiO2 fluxes10.1007/BF02679715 ↗
27. Slag metal reactions during submerged arc welding of alloy steels10.1007/BF02644404 ↗
28. Gas/metal/slag reactions in submerged arc welding using CaO-Al2O3 based fluxes
29. Reprint of FactSage thermochemical software and databases
30. Overview of the applications of thermodynamic databases to steelmaking processes10.1016/j.calphad.2010.06.003 ↗
31. Solidification structure of CaO–SiO2–MgO–Al2O3 (–CaF2) systems and computational phase equilibria: crystallization of MgAl2O4 spinel10.1016/j.calphad.2007.05.005 ↗
32. Critical evaluation and optimization of the thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of the MnO-TiO2, MgO-TiO2, FeO-TiO2, Ti2O3-TiO2, Na2O-TiO2, and K2O-TiO2 systems10.1007/BF02663140 ↗
33. Thermodynamic description of the Ti–O system using the associate model for the liquid phase10.1016/j.calphad.2007.01.009 ↗
34. Physicochemical properties of molten CaF2-based slags10.1179/imr.1981.26.1.21 ↗
35. Prediction of weld-metal composition during flux-shielded welding10.1007/BF02833369 ↗
36. Thermochemistry of joining
37. Elucidating the roles of SiO2 and MnO upon decarburization during submerged arc welding: a thermodynamic study into EH36 shipbuilding steel10.1007/s11663-020-01869-x ↗
38. Fine-tuned element transfer strategies for ternary CaF2-SiO2-CaO fluxes in submerged arc welding: an environmentally friendly approach10.1007/s11663-020-01879-9 ↗
39. The equilibrium partitioning of titanium between Ti3+ and Ti4+ valency states in CaO-SiO2-TiOx slags10.1007/s11663-002-0086-2 ↗
40. Thermodynamics of titanium oxide in CaO–SiO2–Al2O3–MgOsatd–CaF2 Slag equilibrated with Fe–11mass% Cr melt10.2355/isijinternational.49.337 ↗
41. Distribution behavior of aluminum and titanium between nickel-based alloys and molten slags in the electro slag remelting (ESR) process10.1007/s11663-017-0994-9 ↗
42. The nature of acicular ferrite in HSLA steel weld metals10.1007/BF00540369 ↗