Synthesis of graphene through direct decomposition of CO2 with the aid of Ni–Ce–Fe trimetallic catalyst

In this study, few-layered graphene (FLG) has been synthesized using the chemical vapour deposition (CVD) method with the aid of a novel Ni–Ce–Fe trimetallic catalyst. Carbon dioxide was used as the carbon source in the present work. The obtained graphene was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, and the results proved that high-quality graphene sheets were obtained. Scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy pictures were used to investigate the morphology of the prepared FLG. The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results confirmed a high yield (∼48%) of the obtained graphene through this method. Ni–Ce–Fe has been shown to be an active catalyst in the production of high-quality graphene via carbon dioxide decomposition. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectrum was also obtained to confirm the formation of graphene.