Thermal and flame properties of calcium borate and intumescent ammonium polyphosphate in epoxy/glass fiber composites
Source abstract
Abstract
The thermal and flammability properties of halogen-free flame retardants, calcium borate and intumescent ammonium polyphosphate, were evaluated on epoxy/glass fiber composites. The evolved volatile products under thermal stresses were analyzed accordingly, and the thermal decomposition of the composites was studied. It was determined that ammonium polyphosphate and calcium borate releases water vapor and carbon dioxide during their thermal decomposition, as a method to overcome the fire. Ammonium polyphosphate that achieved the V-0 rating at 5 vol% loading had showed better fire resistance than calcium borate that failed to achieve any rating even at high loading of 20 vol%. However, the calcium borate had recorded higher residual content. The combination of 1 vol% calcium borate and 4 vol% ammonium polyphosphate exhibited a synergistic performance by mass producing more char as a protection for the composites. Nevertheless, this synergism was not observed with the other combination, which comprised a 50:50 ratio of ammonium polyphosphate–calcium borate.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Flame retardant materials and properties · Fire dynamics and safety research
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Intel Technology (M) Sdn. Bhd., Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
References (20)
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