Nanoscale modules with full spin-wave interconnectivity

In this paper, we present two nanoscale architectures with full spin-wave interconnectivity. The first architecture is a fully interconnected cluster in which each node can simultaneously broadcast to all other nodes, and can concurrently receive and process multiple data. The second architecture is a crossbar interconnected with ferromagnetic buses that, while requiring the same number of switches and buses as the standard crossbar, is capable of simultaneously transmitting multiple waves at different frequencies on each of the spin-wave buses. The significance of these designs is that the communication between the nodes can be done in constant time, which is a noteworthy improvement considering the Ω(log N) lower-bound on the time delay for implementing such networks in VLSI using traditional electrical interconnects. In these architectures, unlike traditional spin-based architectures that transmit charge, the information is encoded into the phase of spin waves. As a result of this, the presented nanoscale designs may have low power consumption.