journal article·2016-12Open access

Nanowires: a new pathway to nanotechnology-based applications

B. Salhi, M. K. Hossain, A. W. Mukhaimer, F. A. Al-Sulaiman

Journal of Electroceramics· Volume 37· Issue 1-4

Abstract

The synthesis and the characterisation of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) have recently attracted great attention due to their potential applications in electronics and photonics. As yet, there are no practical uses of nanowires, except for research purposes, but certain properties and characteristics of nanowires look very promising for the future. Graphical abstractSemiconductor nanowires are attracting more and more interest for their applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The characteristic of the nanowires is their geometry with a diameter in the range of a few nanometers and a length far greater than their diameter. The structural defects often lead to mechanical defects. By reducing the number of defects per unit length, decreasing the lateral dimensions, crystalline nanowires are expected to be more resistant than the solid. Recently nanowires are attracting intense interest for solar energy conversion. In this review, we summarize the different methods of nanowires production and their applications. Special focus will be kept on silicon nanowires.
Source: europepmc · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Nanowire Synthesis and Applications · Semiconductor materials and interfaces · Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

References (92)

Show source-provided references
1. Y. Cui, Z. Zhong, D. Wang, W.U. Wang, C.M. Lieber, Nano Lett. 3, 149 (2003)10.1021/nl025875l ↗
2. Y. Cui, C.M. Lieber, Science 291, 851 (2001)10.1126/science.291.5505.851 ↗
3. J.-W. Chung, J.-Y. Yu, J.R. Heath, Appl. Phys. Lett. 76, 2068 (2000)10.1063/1.126257 ↗
4. Y. Cui, Q. Wei, H. Park, C.M. Lieber, Science 293, 1289 (2001)10.1126/science.1062711 ↗
5. J. Hahm, C.M. Lieber, Nano Lett. 4, 51 (2004)10.1021/nl034853b ↗
6. M.H. Huang, S. Mao, H. Feick, H. Yan, Y. Wu, H. Kind, E. Weber, R. Russo, P. Yang, Science 292, 1897 (2001)10.1126/science.1060367 ↗
7. M.C. McAlpine, R.S. Friedman, S. Jin, K.-H. Lin, W.U. Wang, C.M. Lieber, Nano Lett. 3, 1531 (2003)10.1021/nl0346427 ↗
8. Q. Peng, Z. Huang, J. Zhu, Adv. Mater. 16, 73 (2004)10.1002/adma.200306185 ↗
9. N. Wang, Y.H. Tang, Y.F. Zhang, D.P. Yu, C.S. Lee, I. Bello, S.T. Lee, Chem. Phys. Lett. 283, 368 (1998)10.1016/S0009-2614(97)01378-X ↗
10. Y.F. Zhang, Y.H. Tang, N. Wang, D.P. Yu, C.S. Lee, I. Bello, S.T. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 1835 (1998)10.1063/1.121199 ↗
11. N. Wang, Y.H. Tang, Y.F. Zhang, C.S. Lee, I. Bello, S.T. Lee, Chem. Phys. Lett. 299, 237 (1999)10.1016/S0009-2614(98)01228-7 ↗
12. R.S. Wagner, W.C. Ellis, Appl. Phys. Lett. 4, 889 (1964)10.1063/1.1753975 ↗
13. R.S. Wagner, Whisker Technology (A.P. Levitt, Wiley, New York, 1970), p. 47
14. J. Westwater, D.P. Gosain, S. Tomiya, S. Usui, H. Ruda, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 15, 554 (1997)10.1116/1.589291 ↗
15. J. Westwater, D.P. Gosain, S. Usui, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 6204 (1997)10.1143/JJAP.36.6204 ↗
16. B. Salhi, B. Grandidier, R. Boukherroub, J. Electroceram. 16(1), 15–21 (2006)10.1007/s10832-006-2496-z ↗
17. Y. Cui, X. Duan, J. Hu, C.M. Lieber, J. Phys. Chem. B 104, 5213 (2000)10.1021/jp0009305 ↗
18. Y. Cui, L.J. Lauhon, M.S. Gudiksen, J. Wang, C.M. Lieber, Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 2214 (2001)10.1063/1.1363692 ↗
19. Y. Wu, Y. Cui, L. Huynh, C.J. Barrelet, D.C. Bell, C.M. Lieber, Nano Lett. 4, 433 (2004)10.1021/nl035162i ↗
20. Y. Wu, P. Yang, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 123, 3165 (2001)10.1021/ja0059084 ↗
21. J.D. Holmes, K.P. Johnston, R.C. Doty, B.A. Korgel, Science 287, 1471 (2000)10.1126/science.287.5457.1471 ↗
22. T. Hanrath, B.A. Korgel, Adv. Mater. 15, 437 (2003)10.1002/adma.200390101 ↗
23. X. Lu, T. Hanrath, K.P. Johnston, B.A. Korgel, Nano Lett. 3, 93 (2003)10.1021/nl0202307 ↗
24. E.I. Givargizov, J Cryst Growth 31, 20–30 (1975)10.1016/0022-0248(75)90105-0 ↗
25. K.K. Lew, J.M. Redwing, J. Cryst. Growth 254, 14 (2003)10.1016/S0022-0248(03)01146-1 ↗
26. G.A. Bootsma, H.J. Gassen, J. Cryst. Growth 10, 223 (1971)10.1016/0022-0248(71)90188-6 ↗
27. Q.X. Liu, C.X. Wang, N.S. Xu, G.W. Yang, Phys. Rev. B 72, 085417 (2005)10.1103/PhysRevB.72.085417 ↗
28. T. Ono, H. Saitoh, M. Esashi, Appl. Phys. Lett. 70, 1852–4 (1997)10.1063/1.118711 ↗
29. Y.F. Zhang, Y.H. Tang, N. Wang, D.P. Yu, C.S. Lee, I. Bello, S.T. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 72, 1835–7 (1998)10.1063/1.121199 ↗
30. G.W. Zhou, Z. Zhang, Z.G. Bai, S.Q. Feng, D.P. Yu, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 677–9 (1998)10.1063/1.121945 ↗
31. Y.F. Zhang, Y.H. Tang, H.Y. Peng, N. Wang, C.S. Lee, I. Bello, S.T. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 75, 1842–1844 (1999)10.1063/1.124846 ↗
32. A.M. Morales, C.M. Lieber, Science 279, 208–11 (1998)10.1126/science.279.5348.208 ↗
33. N. Wang, Y.H. Tang, Y.F. Zhang, C.S. Lee, S.T. Lee, Phys. Rev. B 58, R16024–6 (1998)10.1103/PhysRevB.58.R16024 ↗
34. N. Wang, Y.F. Zhang, Y.H. Tang, C.S. Lee, S.T. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 3902–4 (1998)10.1063/1.122930 ↗
35. N. Wang, Y.H. Tang, Y.F. Zhang, C.S. Lee, I. Bello, S.T. Lee, Chem. Phys. Lett. 299, 237–42 (1999)10.1016/S0009-2614(98)01228-7 ↗
36. T.J. Trentler, K.M. Hickman, S.C. Geol, A.M. Viano, P.C. Gibbons, W.E. Buhro, Science 270, 1791 (1995)10.1126/science.270.5243.1791 ↗
37. F.M. Davidson III, A.D. Schricker, R.J. Wiacek, B.A. Korgel, Adv. Mater. 16, 7,646–649 (2004)10.1002/adma.200306284 ↗
38. H.F. Yan, Y.J. Xing, Q.L. Hang, D.P. Yu, Y.P. Wang, J. Xu, Z.H. Xi, S.Q. Feng, Chem. Phys. Lett. 323, 224–228 (2000)10.1016/S0009-2614(00)00519-4 ↗
39. K.Q. Peng, Y.J. Yan, S.P. Gao, J. Zhu, Adv. Mater. 14, 1164 (2002)10.1002/1521-4095(20020816)14:16<1164::AID-ADMA1164>3.0.CO;2-E ↗
40. K.Q. Peng, A.J. Lu, R.Q. Zhang, S.T. Lee, Adv. Funct. Mater. 18, 3026 (2008)10.1002/adfm.200800371 ↗
41. K.Q. Peng, X. Wang, X.L. Wu, S.T. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 143119 (2009)10.1063/1.3237174 ↗
42. K.Q. Peng, X. Wang, S.T. Lee, Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 143119 (2009)10.1063/1.3237174 ↗
43. K.Q. Peng, Y. Wu, H. Fang, X.Y. Zhong, Y. Xu, J. Zhu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 2737 (2005)10.1002/anie.200462995 ↗
44. K.Q. Peng, H. Fang, J.J. Hu, Y. Wu, J. Zhu, Y.J. Yan, S. Lee, Chem. Eur. J. 12, 7942 (2006)10.1002/chem.200600032 ↗
45. K.Q. Peng, J.J. Hu, Y.J. Yan, Y. Wu, H. Fang, Y. Xu, S.T. Lee, J. Zhu, Adv. Funct. Mater. 16, 387 (2006)10.1002/adfm.200500392 ↗
46. J. Hahm, C.M. Lieber, Nano Lett. 4(1), 51 (2004)10.1021/nl034853b ↗
47. Y. Huang, X. Duan, Y. Cui, C.M. Lieber, Nano Lett. 2, 101 (2001)10.1021/nl015667d ↗
48. Wang, C.M. Lieber, Nature 409, 66–69 (2001)10.1038/35051047 ↗
49. J. Hu et al., Acc. Chem. Res. 32(5), 435 (1999)10.1021/ar9700365 ↗
50. L. Samuelson, Mater. Today 6(10), 22 (2003)10.1016/S1369-7021(03)01026-5 ↗
51. Y. Cui et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 104(22), 5213 (2000)10.1021/jp0009305 ↗
52. M.T. Bjork et al., Nano Lett. 4(9), 1621 (2004)10.1021/nl049230s ↗
53. Y. Huang et al., Nano Lett. 2(2), 101 (2002)10.1021/nl015667d ↗
54. P. Gould, Mater. Today 7(2), 36 (2004)10.1016/S1369-7021(04)00082-3 ↗
55. H.-K. Chang, F. Ishikawa, P.-C. Chen, Label-free, electrical detection of the SARS virus n-protein with nanowire biosensors utilizing antibody mimics as capture probes. Une 13, 15 (2016)
56. Y. Cui et al., Science 293, 1289 (2001)10.1126/science.1062711 ↗
57. P.E. Nielsen et al., Science 254, 1497 (1991)10.1126/science.1962210 ↗
58. K.K. Jensen et al., Biochemistry 36(16), 5072 (1997)10.1021/bi9627525 ↗
59. F. Patolsky et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 101, 14017 (2004)10.1073/pnas.0406159101 ↗
60. B.M. Kayes, H.A. Atwater, N.S. Lewis, Comparison of the device physics principles of planar and radial p–n junction nanorod solar cells. J. Appl. Phys. 97(11), 114302 (2005)10.1063/1.1901835 ↗
61. R.R. LaPierre, Numerical model of current–voltage characteristics and efficiency of GaAs nanowire solar cells. J. Appl. Phys. 109, 034311 (2011)10.1063/1.3544486 ↗
62. B. Tian, X. Zheng, T.J. Kempa, Y. Fang, N. Yu, G. Yu, J. Huang, C.M. Lieber, Coaxial silicon nanowires as solar cells and nanoelectronic power sources. Nature 449, 885–889 (2007)10.1038/nature06181 ↗
63. B. Tian, T.J. Kempa, C.M. Lieber, Single nanowire photovoltaics. Chem. Soc. Rev. 38, 16–24 (2009)10.1039/B718703N ↗
64. L. Tsakalakos, J. Balch, J. Fronheiser, B.A. Korevaar, O. Sulima, J. Rand, Silicon nanowire solar cells. Appl. Phys. Lett. 91, 233117 (2007)10.1063/1.2821113 ↗
65. E. Garnett, P. Yang, Light trapping in silicon nanowire solar cells. Nano Lett. 10, 1082–1087 (2010)10.1021/nl100161z ↗
66. B. O’Donnell, L. Yu, M. Foldyna, P. Roca i Cabarrocas, Silicon nanowire solar cells grown by PECVD. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 358, 2299–2302 (2011)10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2011.11.026 ↗
67. D.R. Kim, C.H. Lee, P.M. Rao, I.S. Cho, X.L. Zheng, Hybrid Si microwire and planar solar cells: passivation and characterization. Nano Lett. 11, 2704–2708 (2011)10.1021/nl2009636 ↗
68. L. Yu, B. O’Donnell, M. Foldyna, P. Roca i Cabarrocas, Radial junction amorphous silicon solar cells on PECVD–grown silicon nanowires. Nanotechnology 23, 194011 (2012)10.1088/0957-4484/23/19/194011 ↗
69. M.C. Putnam, D.B. Turner-Evans, M.D. Kelzenberg, S.W. Boettcher, N.S. Lewis, H.A. Atwater, 10 μm minority–carrier diffusion lengths in Si wires synthesized by Cu–catalyzed vapor liquid–solid growth. Appl. Phys. Lett. 95, 163116 (2009)10.1063/1.3247969 ↗
70. J. Wallentin, N. Anttu, D. Asoli, M. Huffman, I. Åberg, M. H.Magnusson, G. Siefer, P. Fuss- Kailuweit, F. Dimroth, B. Witzigmann, H. Q. Xu, L. Samuelson, K. Deppert, M. T. Borgström, InP nanowire array solar cells achieving 13.8 % efficiency by exceeding the ray optics limit. Science, (2013).10.1126/science.1230969 ↗
71. J. Zhu, Z. Yu, G.F. Burkhard, C.M. Hsu, S.T. Connor, Y. Xu, Q. Wang, M. McGehee, S. Fan, Y. Cui, Optical absorption enhancement in amorphous silicon nanowire and nanocone arrays. Nano Lett. 9, 279–282 (2009)10.1021/nl802886y ↗
72. J. Zhu, C.-M. Hsu, Z. Yu, S. Fan, Y. Cui, Nanodome solar cells with efficient management and self–cleaning. Nano Lett. 10, 1979–1984 (2010)10.1021/nl9034237 ↗
73. H. Wu, Y. Cui, Nano Today 7, 414 (2012)10.1016/j.nantod.2012.08.004 ↗
74. K.-Q. Peng, X. Wang, L. Li, Y. Hu, S.-T. Lee, Nano Today 8, 75 (2013)10.1016/j.nantod.2012.12.009 ↗
75. U. Kasavajjula, C. Wang, A.J. Appleby, J. Power Sources 163, 1003 (2007)10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.09.084 ↗
76. C.K. Chan, R. Ruffo, S.S. Hung, Y. Cui, J. Power Sources 189, 1132 (2009)10.1016/j.jpowsour.2009.01.007 ↗
77. C.K. Chan, H. Peng, G. Liu, K. Mc Ilwrath, X.F. Zhang, R.A. Huggins, Y. Cui, Nat. Technol, 3 (2008).10.1038/nnano.2007.411 ↗
78. R. Ruffo, S.S. Hong, C.K. Chan, R.A. Huggins, Y. Cui, J. Phys. Chem. C 113, 11390 (2009)10.1021/jp901594g ↗
79. M. Leisner, A. Cojocaru, E. Ossei-Wusu, J. Cartensen, H. Föll, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 5, 1502 (2010)10.1007/s11671-010-9669-z ↗
80. Y. Qu, L. Liao, Y. Li, H. Zuang, Y. Huang, X. Duan, Nanoletters 9, 4539 (2009)10.1021/nl903030h ↗
81. J. Cho, J. Mater. Chem, 20 4009 (2010).10.1039/b923002e ↗
82. T. Song, J. Xia, J.-H. Lee, D.H. Lee, M.-S. Kwon, J.-M. Choi, J. Wu, S. KDoo, H. Chang, W.I. Park, Adv. Funct. Mater. 24, 1458–1464 (2014)10.1002/adfm.201302122 ↗
83. D.S. Zang, H. Kim, Y. Huang, K.-C. Hwang, J.A. Rogers, U. Paik, Nanoletters 10, 1710 (2010)10.1021/nl100086e ↗
84. M.-H. Park, M.G. Kim, J. Joo, K. Kim, J. Kim, S. Ahn, Y. Cui, J. Cho, Nanoletters 9, 3844 (2009)10.1021/nl902058c ↗
85. L.-F. Cui, R. Ruffo, C.K. Chan, H. Peng, Y. Cui, Nanoletters 9, 491 (2009)10.1021/nl8036323 ↗
86. W.J. Lee, M.-H. Park, Y. Wang, J.Y. Lee, J. Cho, Chem. Commun. 46, 622 (2010)10.1039/B916483A ↗
87. Y. Yao, N. Liu, M.T. McDowell, M. Pasta, Y. Cui, Energy Environ. Sci. 5, 7927 (2012)10.1039/c2ee21437g ↗
88. L.D. Toan, E. Moyen, M.R. Zamfir, J. Joe, Y.W. Kim, D. Pribat, Mater. Res. Express 3, 1 (2016)10.1088/2053-1591/3/1/015003 ↗
89. P.H. Morel, G. Haberfehlner, D. Lafond, G. Audoit, V. Jousseaume, C. Leroux, M. Fayolle- Lecocq, T. Baron, T. Ernst, Appl. Phys. Lett. 101, 083110 (2012)10.1063/1.4746762 ↗
90. P. Yang, R. Yan, M. Fardy, Nano Lett. 10, 1529 (2010)10.1021/nl100665r ↗
91. D. Davila, A. Tarancon, M. Fernandez-Regulez, C. Calaza, M. Salleras, A. San Paulo, L. Fonseca, Micromech. Microeng. 21, 104007 (2011)10.1088/0960-1317/21/10/104007 ↗
92. I.H. Allon, R. Chen, R.D. Delgado, W. Liang, E.C. Garnett, M. Najarian, A. Majumdar, P. Yang, Nature 451, 163 (2008)10.1038/nature06381 ↗