Time-Variant Reliability Analysis and Flexural Design of GFRP-Reinforced Bridge Decks
Source abstract
Abstract
Glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) reinforcement is being used in bridge decks as a replacement for steel reinforcement. It is thought that since the GFRP reinforcement does not corrode, it could be a more sustainable material for reinforced concrete structures. However, it is widely reported that GFRP bars do deteriorate when embedded in concrete or when immersed in concrete pore solutions. The American Concrete Institute (ACI) and AASHTO use environmental exposure factors to reduce the design strength due to this loss of capacity. However, these exposure factors have not been calibrated. In addition, limited research has been performed to quantify the time-variant flexural moment capacity of GFRP-reinforced flexural members. Recently, a Bayesian approach was used to develop a time-variant probabilistic capacity model based on capacity data of GFRP reinforcement embedded in concrete for a period of up to seven years. This model is used herein to assess the time-variant flexural moment capacity and the time-variant structural reliability of a bridge deck considering different types and sizes of GFRP bars. Even though GFRP-reinforced bridge decks are designed to be overreinforced and the designs are governed by the serviceability limit, the analysis results indicate that the probability of failure of the decks containing both 13M (#4) and 19M (#6) GFRP bars at a reference temperature T23 of 23°C (73°F) is higher than the failure probability generally accepted in the AASHTO load and resistance factor rating (LRFR) specifications. A lower exposure temperature reduces the probability of failure over the 75 year period. The probability of failure is less than values accepted by AASHTO.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete · Concrete Corrosion and Durability · Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, W.S. Speed Hall, Univ. of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292 (corresponding author).
Professor and Hal D. Pritchett Endowed Chair, School of Civil and Construction Engineering, 220 Owen Hall, Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR 97331.
Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801; formerly, Associate Professor, Zachry Dept. of Civil Engineering, 3135 TAMU, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843.
References (32)
Show source-provided references
1. AASHTO. (2000). “Standard specification of for design of highway bridge.” AASHTO Washington DC.
2. AASHTO. (2003). “Guide manual for condition evaluation and load and resistance factor rating (LRFR) of highway bridges.” AASHTO Washington DC.
3. AASHTO. (2008). “Bridge design guide specifications for GFRP reinforced concrete decks and decks system.” AASHTO Washington DC.
4. AASHTO. (2010). “AASHTO LRFD Bridge design specification.” 5th Ed. 2010 Interim Revisions AASHTO Washington DC.
5. Almusallam T. H. Al-Salloum Y. A. Alsayed S. H. and Alhozaimy A. M. (2002). “Tensile strength of GFRP bars in concrete beams under sustained loads at different environments.” Second Int. Conf. on Durability of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Compos. for Constr. National Research Council of Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada 523–533.10.1142/9789812704863_0078 ↗
6. American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2001). Guide for the design and construction of concrete reinforced with FRP bars 440.1R-01 American Concrete Institute Farmington Hills MI.
7. American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2003). Guide for the design and construction of concrete reinforced with FRP bars 440.1R-03 American Concrete Institute Farmington Hills MI.
8. American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2006). Guide for the design and construction of concrete reinforced with FRP bars 440.1R-06 American Concrete Institute Farmington Hills MI.
9. American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2007). Report on fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement for concrete structures American Concrete Institute 440 Farmington Hills MI.
10. Benmokrane B. · Design and testing of concrete bridge deck slabs reinforced with glass FRP bars · 2006 · 11
11. Benmokrane B. · Durability of glass fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcing bars in concrete environment · 2002 · 6
12. Chen Y. · Accelerated aging tests for evaluations of durability performance of FRP reinforcing bars for concrete structures · 2007 · 78
13. Chu W. · Durability evaluation of moderate temperature cured E-Glass/Vinylester systems · 2004 · 66
14. Debaiky A. S. · Residual tensile properties of GFRP reinforcing bars after loading in severe environments · 2006 · 10
15. Gardoni P. · Probabilistic capacity models and fragility estimates for RC columns based on experimental observations · 2002 · 128
16. Gardoni P. · Bayesian statistical framework to construct probabilistic models for the elastic modulus of concrete · 2007 · 19
17. Giernacky R. G. Bakis C. E. Mostoller J. D. Boothby T. E. and Mukherjee A. (2002). “Evaluation of concrete beams reinforced with internal GFRP Bars: A long-term durability study.” Second Int. Conf. on Durability of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Compos. for Constr. (CDCC 02) National Research Council of Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada 39–45.
18. Micelli F. · Durability of FRP rods for concrete structures · 2004 · 18
19. Micelli F. Nanni A. and Tegola A. L. (2001). “Effects of conditioning environment on GFRP bars.” 22nd SAMPE Europe Int. Conf. Society for the Advancement of Materials and Process Engineering Covina CA 1–13.
20. Mufti A. · Durability of GFRP composite rods · 2007 · 29
21. Mufti A. A. · Field study of glass-fibre-reinforced polymer durability in concrete · 2007 · 34
22. Mukherjee A. · Performance of glass fiber-reinforced polymer reinforcing bars in tropical environments—part I: Structural scale tests · 2005 · 102
23. Nowak A. S. · Calibration of design code, for buildings (ACI318): Part 1- Statistical models for resistance · 2003 · 100
24. Robert M. · Behavior of GFRP reinforcing bars subjected to extreme temperatures · 2010 · 14
25. Sen R. · Durability of E-Glass/Vinylester reinforcement in alkaline solution · 2002 · 99
26. Svecova D. Rizkalla S. Vogel H. and Jawara A. (2002). “Durability of GFRP in low-heat high performance concrete.” 2nd International Conf. on Durability of Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) Compos. for Constr. National Research Council of Canada Ottawa Ontario Canada May 29–31 75–86.
27. Tannous F. E. · Durability of AR glass fiber reinforced plastic bars · 1999 · 3
28. Tibbetts J. A. Oliva G. M. and Bank L. C. (2009). “Durable fiber reinforced polymer bar splice connections for precast concrete structures.” Composites & Polycon 2009 American Composites Manufacturers Association Arlington VA.
29. Todeschini C. E. · Behavior of concrete columns reinforced with high strength steels · 1964 · 61
30. Trejo D. Aguiniga F. Yuan R. James R. W. and Keating P. B. (2005). “Characterization of design parameters for fiber reinforced polymer composite reinforced concrete systems.” Report 9-1520-3 Texas Transportation Institute Texas A&M College Station TX.
31. Trejo D. · Long-Term performance of GFRP reinforcement embedded in concrete · 2010 · 108
32. Trejo D. Gardoni P. Kim J. J. and Zidek J. (2009). “Long-term performance of GFRP reinforcement: technical report.” Report 0-6069-1 Texas Transportation Institute Texas A&M College Station TX 134.