RETRACTED: The effects of TiO ₂ nanoparticles on properties of binary blended concrete

The purpose of this study is to investigate the percentage of water absorption, rate of water absorption, coefficient of water absorption, workability, and setting time of binary blended concrete with partial replacement of cement by 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt% of TiO2 nanoparticles with 15 nm. The results showed that the use of TiO2 nanoparticles up to maximum replacement level of 2.0 wt% produces concrete with improved resistant to water permeability. TiO2 nanoparticles can improve the filler effect and also the high pozzolanic action of fine nanoparticles increases substantially the quantity of strengthening gel. If this phenomenon joins with low water—cement ratio, it can improve the microstructure in the interfacial transition zones and thus the value of strengthening gel results in decreasing of the water permeability. Also, the workability and setting time of fresh concrete was decreased by increasing the content of TiO2 nanoparticles.