Application of structural health monitoring techniques to composite wing panels

This detailed study proposes a structural health monitoring system which enables the identification, localisation, and correct measurement analysis, in relation to the damage and debonding induced by low energy impacts within aircraft composite wing panels. The said system has been envisaged as an offline system which aims to be considered as a valid alternative method in relation to the current first two maintenance approach levels: visual inspection, which is to be followed if necessary by ultrasonic scanning techniques. The architecture includes two different technologies which act at different frequency ranges: high-frequency sensors/actuators piezoceramics and low-frequency distributed fiber optic sensors. Experimental and numerical results on small stiffened panels are illustrated in this study, where technological verification and validation have been assessed within a laboratory-controlled environment. In addition, the potential benefit by utilising such techniques within the design of the aircraft composite structures has also been illustrated; in comparison with the current aircraft composite structures, a higher weight saving and better performing structures is foreseen.