Structure, mechanical behavior and puncture resistance of grass carp scales
Source abstract
Abstract
Abstract This work is conducted to investigate the hierarchical structure, mechanical behavior and fracture resistance of grass carp scales with different water contents (hydrated and dehydrated) and load conditions (uniaxial, biaxial and punch tests). The whole cross-section of scales is investigated, and it is found that the bony layer displays discontinuity and partly embeds in collagen layer. Four different locations are considered under both tensile and punch tests. The results of the uniaxial tensile test show a correlation between the failure mode and the distribution of surface morphology on scales. The biaxial test results show that there are minor differences in the tensile strength and the Young’ modulus compared with those of the uniaxial tests, but the ultimate strain is about 20% – 50%. Puncture tests are also conducted with different size of needles and different hardness silicon rubbers as substrate. The results show that the puncture force and deformation are dependent on the size of needle and the hardness of substrate. The failure pattern of scales is related to the water content. Radial cracks occur in the bony layer of hydrated scale, and the collagen fibers twist around the puncture site. However, the shear failure occurs in the bony layer of dehydrated scale.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Calcium Carbonate Crystallization and Inhibition · Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry · Bone Tissue Engineering Materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (28)
Show source-provided references
1. Meyers M A, McKittrick J, Chen P Y. Structural biological materials: Critical mechanics-materials connections. Science, 2013, 339, 773–779.10.1126/science.1220854 ↗
2. McKittrick J, Chen P Y, Tombolato L, Novitskaya E E, Trim M W, Hirata G A, Olevskye E A, Horstemeyerc M F, Meyers M A. Energy absorbent natural materials and bioinspired design strategies: A review. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2010, 30, 331–342.10.1016/j.msec.2010.01.011 ↗
3. Garrano A M C, La Rosa G, Zhang D, Niu L N, Tay F, Majd H, Arolad D. On the mechanical behavior of scales from Cyprinus carpio. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2012, 7, 17–29.10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.07.017 ↗
4. Zhou F, Wu Z, Wang M, Chen K. Structure and mechanical properties of pincers of lobster (Procambarus clarkii) and crab (Eriocheir Sinensis). Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2010, 3, 454–463.10.1016/j.jmbbm.2010.05.001 ↗
5. Chen P Y, Lin A Y M, McKittrick J, Meyers M A. Structure and mechanical properties of crab exoskeletons. Acta Biomaterialia, 2008, 4, 587–596.10.1016/j.actbio.2007.12.010 ↗
6. Zhu D, Ortega C F, Motamedi R, Szewciw L, Vernerey F, Barthelat F. Structure and mechanical performance of a “modern” fish scale. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2012, 14, B185–B194.10.1002/adem.201180057 ↗
7. Yang W, Chen I H, Gludovatz B, Zimmermann E A, Ritchie R O, Meyers M A. Natural flexible dermal armor. Advanced Materials, 2013, 25, 31–48.10.1002/adma.201202713 ↗
8. Jawad L A. Comparative scale morphology and squamation patterns in triple fins (Pisces: Teleostei: Perciformes: Trip-terygiidae). Tuhinga, 2005, 16, 137–167.10.3897/tuhinga.16.e34159 ↗
9. Meyers M, Lin Y, Olevsky E, Chen P Y. Battle in the Ama-zon: Arapaima versus piranha. Advanced Engineering Materials, 2012, 14, B279–B288.10.1002/adem.201180027 ↗
10. Bruet B J, Song J, Boyce M C, Ortiz C. Materials design principles of ancient fish armour. Nature Materials, 2008, 7, 748–756.10.1038/nmat2231 ↗
11. Song J. Multiscale Materials Design of Natural Exoskele-tons: Fish Armor, PhD thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA, 2011.
12. Ikoma T, Kobayashi H, Tanaka J, Walsh D, Mann S. Micro-structure, mechanical, and biomimetic properties of fish scales from Pagrus major. Journal of Structural Biology, 2003, 142, 327–333.10.1016/S1047-8477(03)00053-4 ↗
13. Bigi A, Burghammer M, Falconi R, Koch M H, Panzavolta S, Riekel C. Twisted plywood pattern of collagen fibrils in teleost scales: An X-ray diffraction investigation. Journal of Structural Biology, 2001, 136, 137–143.10.1006/jsbi.2001.4426 ↗
14. Liu W, Zhang Y, Li G, Miao Y, Wu X. Structure and com-position of teleost scales from snakehead Channa argus (Cantor) (Perciformes: Channidae). Journal of Fish Biology, 2008, 72, 1055–1067.10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01790.x ↗
15. Lin Y, Wei C, Olevsky E, Meyers M A. Mechanical properties and the laminate structure of Arapaima gigas scales. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2011, 4, 1145–1156.10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.03.024 ↗
16. Yang W, Gludovatz B, Zimmermann E A, Bale H A, Ritchie R O, Meyers M A. Structure and fracture resistance of alli-gator gar (Atractosteus spatula) armored fish scales. Acta Biomaterialia, 2013, 9, 5876–5889.10.1016/j.actbio.2012.12.026 ↗
17. Liu P, Wang J W, Zhu D J. Hierarchical structure and mechanical properties of scales from grass carp. Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica, 2016, 33, 657–665. (in Chinese)10.1007/s10114-016-5292-y ↗
18. Wang L, Song J, Ortiz C, Boyce M C. Anisotropic design of a multilayered biological exoskeleton. Journal of Materials Research, 2009, 24, 3477–3494.10.1557/jmr.2009.0443 ↗
19. Gil-Duran S, Arola D, Ossa E. Effect of chemical composition and microstructure on the mechanical behavior of fish scales from Megalops Atlanticus. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2016, 56, 134–145.10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.11.028 ↗
20. Yu M, Liu H, Liu J, Li S. Unique structure and mechanical property of Dabryanus scale. Journal of Bionic Engineering, 2016, 13, 641–649.10.1016/S1672-6529(16)60335-9 ↗
21. Fu S J, Zeng L Q, Li X M, Pang X, Cao Z D, Peng J L, Wang X Y. The behavioural, digestive and metabolic characteristics of fishes with different foraging strategies. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2009, 212, 2296–2302.10.1242/jeb.027102 ↗
22. Zhu D, Szewciw L, Vernerey F, Barthelat F. Puncture resistance of the scaled skin from striped bass: Collective mechanisms and inspiration for new flexible armor designs. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 2013, 24, 30–40.10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.04.011 ↗
23. Chen P Y, McKittrick J, Meyers M A. Biological materials: Functional adaptations and bioinspired designs. Progress in Materials Science, 2012, 57, 1492–1704.10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.03.001 ↗
24. Fang Z, Wang Y, Feng Q, Kienzle A, Müller W E. Hierarchical structure and cytocompatibility of fish scales from Carassius auratus. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2014, 43, 145–52.10.1016/j.msec.2014.07.015 ↗
25. Wegst U G, Bai H, Saiz E, Tomsia A P, Ritchie R O. Bioin-spired structural materials. Nature Materials, 2015, 14, 23–36.10.1038/nmat4089 ↗
26. Murcia S, Li G, Yahyazadehfar M, Sasser M, Ossa A, Arola D. Effects of polar solvents on the mechanical behavior of fish scales. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 2016, 61, 23–31.10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.007 ↗
27. Courtney T H. Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 2nd ed, Waveland Press, Illinois, USA, 2005.
28. Zimmermann E A, Gludovatz B, Schaible E, Dave N K, Yang W, Meyers M A, Ritchie R O. Mechanical adaptability of the Bouligand-type structure in natural dermal armour. Nature Communications, 2013, 4, 2634.10.1038/ncomms3634 ↗