Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO ₂ : A review

The combustion of fossil fuels has resulted in the amplification of the greenhouse effect, primarily through the release of a substantial quantity of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The imperative pursuit of converting CO ₂ into valuable chemicals through electrochemical techniques has garnered significant attention. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have occured as highly prospective materials for the reduction of CO ₂ , owing to their exceptional attributes including extensive surface area, customizable architectures, pronounced porosity, abundant active sites, and well-distributed metallic nodes. This article commences by elucidating the mechanistic aspects of CO ₂ reduction, followed by a comprehensive exploration of diverse materials encompassing MOFs based on nickel, cobalt, zinc, and copper for efficient CO ₂ conversion. Finally, a meticulous discourse encompasses the challenges encountered and the prospects envisioned for the advancement of MOF-based nanomaterials in the realm of electrochemical reduction of CO ₂ .