Fibronectin grafting to enhance skin sealing around transcutaneous titanium implant

Abstract Intraosseous transcutaneous amputation prosthesis is a new approach in orthopedic implants that overcomes socket prosthesis problems. Its long‐term performance requires a tight skin‐implant seal to prevent infections. In this study, fibronectin (Fn), a widely used adhesion protein, was adsorbed or grafted onto titanium alloy. Fn grafting was performed using two different linking arms, dopamine/glutaric anhydride or phosphonate. The characterization of Fn‐modified surfaces showed that Fn grating via phosphonate has led to the highest amount of Fn cell‐binding site (RGD, arginine, glycine, and aspartate) available on the surface. Interestingly, cell culture studies revealed a strong correlation between the amount of available RGD ligands and cellular behavior, since enhanced proliferation and spreading of fibroblasts were noticed on Fn‐grafted surfaces via phosphonate. In addition, an original in vitro mechanical test, inspired from the real situation, to better predict clinical outcomes after implant insertion, has been developed. Tensile test data showed that the adhesion strength of a bio‐engineered dermal tissue was significantly higher around Fn‐grafted surfaces via phosphonate, as compared to untreated surfaces. This study sheds light on the importance of an appropriate selection of the linking arm to tightly control the spatial conformation of biomolecules on the material surface, and consequently cell interactions at the interface tissue/implant.