Biological responses of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to Sr‐M‐Si (M = Zn, Mg) silicate bioceramics

Abstract Strontium (Sr), Zinc (Zn), magnesium (Mg), and silicon (Si) are reported to be essential trace elements for the growth and mineralization of bone. We speculated that the combination of these bioactive elements in bioceramics may be effective to regulate the osteogenic property of bone‐forming cells. In this study, two Sr‐containing silicate bioceramics, Sr₂ZnSi₂O₇ (SZS) and Sr₂MgSi₂O₇ (SMS), were prepared. The biological response of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to the two bioceramics (in the forms of powders and dense ceramic bulks) was systematically studied. In powder form, the effect of powder extracts on the viability and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of BMSCs was investigated. In ceramic disc form, both direct and indirect coculture of BMSCs with ceramic discs were used to investigate their biological response, including attachment, proliferation, ALP activity, and bone‐related genes expression. Beta‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) and akermanite (Ca₂MgSi₂O₇, CMS) were used as control materials. The results showed that the Sr, Zn, and Si (or Sr, Mg, and Si)‐containing ionic products from SZS and SMS powders enhanced ALP activity of BMSCs, compared to those from β‐TCP. Both SZS and SMS ceramic discs supported the growth of BMSCs, and most importantly, significantly enhanced the ALP activity and bone‐related genes expression of BMSCs as compared to β‐TCP. The results suggest that the specific combination of bioactive ions (Sr, Zn, Si, e.g.) in bioceramics is a viable way to improve the biological performance of biomaterials, and the form of materials and surface properties were nonnegligible factors to influence cell response. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A:2979–2990, 2012.