A Bilevel Equalizer for Large Lithium Ion Batteries
Source abstract
Abstract
Due to variations among the cells, large lithium ion batteries (LIB) such as those in battery energy storage stations (BESS) and electric vehicles (EVs) must have an equalizer (EQU) circuit to balance the cell voltages. In spite of their significant losses and other limitations, passive equalizers (PEQ) are used in most applications because they are relatively simple and low cost. Active equalizers (AEQ) reduce these PEQ problems, but are not as widely used due to their much higher cost and complexity. A new hybrid circuit called the Bilevel EQU (BEQ) combines the PEQ and AEQ to provide much higher performance than a pure PEQ but at a much lower cost than a pure AEQ.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced Battery Technologies Research · Advanced DC-DC Converters · Microgrid Control and Optimization
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft, Toledo, OH 43606-3390, USA
Funding
Ohio I-Corps Program Grant · Ohio Third Frontier Technology Validation and Start -up Fund Grant
References (31)
Show source-provided references
1. Andreas, D. (2010). Battery Management Systems for Large Lithium-Ion Battery Packs, Artech House.
2. Active Balancing of Li-Ion Battery Cells Using Transformer as Energy Carrier10.1109/TIE.2016.2611481 ↗
3. Balancing Control Strategy for Li-Ion Batteries String Based on Dynamic Balanced Point10.3390/en8031830 ↗
4. Active Cell Balancing of Li-Ion Batteries Using LC Series Resonant Circuit10.1109/TIE.2015.2408573 ↗
5. A Switched-Coupling-Capacitor Equalizer for Series-Connected Battery Strings10.1109/TPEL.2016.2638318 ↗
6. High-Efficiency Digitally Controlled Charge Equalizer for Series-Connected Cells Based on Switching Converter and Super-Capacitor10.1109/TII.2012.2223479 ↗
7. Cadar, D., Petreus, D., Patarau, T., and Palaghita, N. (2010). Active Balancing Method for Battery Cell Equalization. Acta Tech. Napoc. Electron. Telecommun., Available online: http://users.utcluj.ro/~ATN/papers/ATN_2_2010_1.pdf.
8. Comparison on Cell Balancing Methods for Energy Storage applications
9. Improved performance of serially connected Li-ion batteries with active cell balancing in electric vehicles10.1109/TVT.2011.2153886 ↗
10. Brainard, G.I. (1995). Non-Dissipative Battery Charger Equalizer. (5,479,083), U.S. Patent.
11. Charge equalization for series connected battery strings
12. Kutkut, N., Wiegman, H., Divan, D., and Novotny, D. (1995, January 5–9). Design considerations for charge equalization of an electric vehicle battery system. Proceedings of the IEEE 1995 Applied Power Electronics Conference, Dallas, TX, USA.10.1109/APEC.1995.469006 ↗
13. Equalization of EV and HEV batteries with a ramp converter10.1109/7.570791 ↗
14. Pascual, C., and Krein, P.T. (1997, January 27). Switched capacitor system for automatic series battery equalization. Proceedings of the IEEE 1997 Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, Atlanta, GA, USA.
15. A selective buck-boost equalizer for series battery packs10.1109/7.826322 ↗
16. Stuart, T., Wang, X., Fang, F., Pina, J., and Handle, A. (2001). A Modular Battery Management System for HEVs.10.4271/2002-01-1918 ↗
17. Hart, L. (2017, July 03). TMSI Battery Balancer. Available online: http://www.geocities.com/sorefeets/balancerland/.
18. Stuart, T., Fang, F., Wang, X., Ashtiani, L., and Pesaran, A. (2002, January 15–17). A modular battery management system for HEVs. Proceedings of the SAE 2002 Future Car Congress, Arlington, VA, USA. Paper No. 07FCC-422.10.4271/2002-01-1918 ↗
19. Designing a new generalized battery management system10.1109/TIE.2003.817706 ↗
20. Intelligent control battery equalization for series connected lithium-ion battery strings10.1109/TIE.2005.855673 ↗
21. Quasi-resonant zero-current switching bidirectional converter for battery equalization applications10.1109/TPEL.2006.880349 ↗
22. Arai, Y., and Yamamoto, K. (2006). Method and Apparatus for Equalizing Secondary Cells. (2006/0214636A1), U.S. Patent.
23. Fast Equalization for Large Lithium Ion Batteries10.1109/MAES.2009.5208557 ↗
24. Double-Tiered Switched-Capacitor Battery Charge Equalization Technique10.1109/TIE.2008.918401 ↗
25. Feasibility Analysis of a Novel Cell Equalizer Topology for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle Energy Storage-Systems10.1109/TVT.2009.2031553 ↗
26. Battery Equalization Active Methods10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.08.026 ↗
27. LINEAR Technology (2013). LTC3300-1 High Efficiency Bidirectional Multicell Battery Balancer, Linear Technology Corporation.
28. (2014). EM1401EVM User’s Guide, Texas Instruments.
29. (2014). EM1401 Rev A2 Test Report: Revision: 1.1, Texas Instruments.
30. Stuart, T.A. (2016). A Bilevel Equalizer for Battery Cell Charge Management. (# 62/287,575), U.S. Provisional Patent Application.
31. LINEAR Technology (2013). LTC6804-1/LTC6804-2 Multicell Battery Monitors, Linear Technology Corporation.