An Overview of Challenges and Strategies for Stabilizing Zinc Anodes in Aqueous Rechargeable Zn-Ion Batteries
Source abstract
Abstract
Aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have been revived and are considered a promising candidate for scalable electrochemical energy storage systems due to their intrinsic safety, low cost, large abundance, mature recyclability, competitive electrochemical performance, and sustainability. However, the deployment of aqueous rechargeable ZIBs is still hampered by the poor electrochemical stability and reversibility of Zn anodes, which is a common, inherent issue for most metal-based anodes. This review presents a comprehensive and timely overview of the challenges and strategies of Zn anodes toward durable ZIBs. First, several challenges that significantly reduce the Coulombic efficiency and cycling stability of Zn anodes are briefly discussed including dendrite formation, hydrogen evolution, and corrosion. Then, the mitigation strategies are summarized in terms of modifying the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, designing electrode structures, and optimizing electrolytes and separators. Further, we comprehensively discuss the mechanisms behind these issues and improvement strategies with respect to the anodes, electrolytes, and separators. Lastly, we provide perspectives and critical analyses of remaining challenges, outlook, and future direction for accelerating the practical application of aqueous rechargeable ZIBs.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advanced battery technologies research · Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies · Perovskite Materials and Applications
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Benjamin M. Statler College of Engineering and Mineral Resources, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99354, USA
Funding
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Electricity (OE) · Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. The Rise of Organic Electrode Materials for Energy Storage10.1039/C6CS00173D ↗
2. Huo, H., Xing, Y., Pecht, M., Züger, B.-J., Khare, N., and Vezzini, A. (2017). Safety Requirements for Transportation of Lithium Batteries. Energies, 10.10.3390/en10060793 ↗
3. Bifunctional 3D Hierarchical Hairy Foam toward Ultrastable Lithium/Sulfur Electrochemistry10.1002/adfm.202004650 ↗
4. A Review of Nonaqueous Electrolytes, Binders, and Separators for Lithium-Ion Batteries10.1007/s41918-022-00131-z ↗
5. Safety Issues and Mechanisms of Lithium-Ion Battery Cell upon Mechanical Abusive Loading: A Review10.1016/j.ensm.2019.06.036 ↗
6. Low-Cost and Large-Scale Synthesis of Alkaline Earth Metal Germanate Nanowires as a New Class of Lithium Ion Battery Anode Material10.1039/c2ee21580b ↗
7. LiCoO2@LiNi0.45Al0.05Mn0.5O2 as High-Voltage Lithium-Ion Battery Cathode Materials with Improved Cycling Performance and Thermal Stability10.1016/j.electacta.2019.135018 ↗
8. Delayed Phase Transition and Improved Cycling/Thermal Stability by Spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Modification for LiCoO2 Cathode at High Voltages10.1021/acsami.0c02459 ↗
9. A Review of Safety Strategies of a Li-Ion Battery10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.228649 ↗
10. A Review of Lithium-Ion Battery Safety Concerns: The Issues, Strategies, and Testing Standards10.1016/j.jechem.2020.10.017 ↗
11. Rechargeable Aqueous Hybrid Ion Batteries: Developments and Prospects10.1039/C9TA06433H ↗
12. Aqueous Rechargeable Li and Na Ion Batteries10.1021/cr500232y ↗
13. Building a Better Battery10.1557/mrs.2020.81 ↗
14. Hybrid Aqueous/Non-Aqueous Electrolyte for Safe and High-Energy Li-Ion Batteries10.1016/j.joule.2018.02.011 ↗
15. Aqueous Batteries as Grid Scale Energy Storage Solutions10.1016/j.rser.2016.02.024 ↗
16. Aqueous Intercalation-Type Electrode Materials for Grid-Level Energy Storage: Beyond the Limits of Lithium and Sodium10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.05.049 ↗
17. Recent Progress in the Electrolytes of Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries10.1002/chem.201902660 ↗
18. Voltage Issue of Aqueous Rechargeable Metal-Ion Batteries10.1039/C9CS00131J ↗
19. Low-Cost Synthesis of Robust Anatase Polyhedral Structures with a Preponderance of Exposed {001} Facets for Enhanced Photoactivities10.1007/s12274-012-0226-1 ↗
20. Roadmap for Advanced Aqueous Batteries: From Design of Materials to Applications10.1126/sciadv.aba4098 ↗
21. Recent Progress of Rechargeable Batteries Using Mild Aqueous Electrolytes10.1002/smtd.201800272 ↗
22. Advanced Rechargeable Zinc-Based Batteries: Recent Progress and Future Perspectives10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.05.059 ↗
23. Scientific Challenges for the Implementation of Zn-Ion Batteries10.1016/j.joule.2020.03.002 ↗
24. Strategies of Regulating Zn2+ Solvation Structures for Dendrite-Free and Side Reaction-Suppressed Zinc-Ion Batteries10.1039/D1EE03377H ↗
25. Do Zinc Dendrites Exist in Neutral Zinc Batteries: A Developed Electrohealing Strategy to In Situ Rescue In-Service Batteries10.1002/adma.201903778 ↗
26. Deeply Understanding the Zn Anode Behaviour and Corresponding Improvement Strategies in Different Aqueous Zn-Based Batteries10.1039/D0EE02162H ↗
27. Active Materials for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Morphology, and Electrochemistry10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00628 ↗
28. Different Surface Modification Methods and Coating Materials of Zinc Metal Anode10.1016/j.jechem.2021.08.022 ↗
29. Surface and Interface Engineering of Zn Anodes in Aqueous Rechargeable Zn-Ion Batteries10.1002/smll.202200006 ↗
30. Progress in Interface Structure and Modification of Zinc Anode for Aqueous Batteries10.1016/j.nanoen.2022.107333 ↗
31. Anode for Zinc-Based Batteries: Challenges, Strategies, and Prospects10.1021/acsenergylett.1c00939 ↗
32. Electrolyte Strategies toward Better Zinc-Ion Batteries10.1021/acsenergylett.0c02684 ↗
33. Recent Progress in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: A Deep Insight into Zinc Metal Anodes10.1039/D0TA09111A ↗
34. Strategies for the Stabilization of Zn Metal Anodes for Zn-Ion Batteries10.1002/aenm.202003065 ↗
35. Dendrites in Zn-Based Batteries10.1002/adma.202001854 ↗
36. Simultaneous Regulation on Solvation Shell and Electrode Interface for Dendrite-Free Zn Ion Batteries Achieved by a Low-Cost Glucose Additive10.1002/anie.202105756 ↗
37. A Nanofibrillated Cellulose/Polyacrylamide Electrolyte-Based Flexible and Sewable High-Performance Zn–MnO2 Battery with Superior Shear Resistance10.1002/smll.201803978 ↗
38. Directly Grown Vertical Graphene Carpets as Janus Separators toward Stabilized Zn Metal Anodes10.1002/adma.202003425 ↗
39. An In-Depth Study of Zn Metal Surface Chemistry for Advanced Aqueous Zn-Ion Batteries10.1002/adma.202003021 ↗
40. 3D Porous Copper Skeleton Supported Zinc Anode toward High Capacity and Long Cycle Life Zinc Ion Batteries10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b05568 ↗
41. An In-depth Insight of a Highly Reversibility and Dendrite-free Zn Metal Anode in A Hybrid Electrolyte10.1039/D0TA11668H ↗
42. Zinc Anode for Mild Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: Challenges, Strategies, and Perspectives10.1007/s40820-021-00782-5 ↗
43. Zinc Dendrite Growth and Inhibition Strategies10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100692 ↗
44. Operando Visualization and Multi-Scale Tomography Studies of Dendrite Formation and Dissolution in Zinc Batteries10.1016/j.joule.2018.11.002 ↗
45. High-Performance Lithium Metal Negative Electrode with a Soft and Flowable Polymer Coating10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00456 ↗
46. A Patternable and In Situ Formed Polymeric Zinc Blanket for a Reversible Zinc Anode in a Skin-Mountable Microbattery10.1002/adma.202007497 ↗
47. Toward Practical High-Areal-Capacity Aqueous Zinc-Metal Batteries: Quantifying Hydrogen Evolution and a Solid-Ion Conductor for Stable Zinc Anodes10.1002/adma.202007406 ↗
48. Monolithic Solid–Electrolyte Interphases Formed in Fluorinated Orthoformate-Based Electrolytes Minimize Li Depletion and Pulverization10.1038/s41560-019-0464-5 ↗
49. Designable Ultra-Smooth Ultra-Thin Solid-Electrolyte Interphases of Three Alkali Metal Anodes10.1038/s41467-018-03466-8 ↗
50. Electrochemical Aspects of the Generation of Ramified Metallic Electrodeposits10.1103/PhysRevA.42.7355 ↗
51. Reversible Epitaxial Electrodeposition of Metals in Battery Anodes10.1126/science.aax6873 ↗
52. Low-Temperature Water Electrolysis: Fundamentals, Progress, and New Strategies10.1039/D2MA00185C ↗
53. Innovative Strategies for Overall Water Splitting Using Nanostructured Transition Metal Electrocatalysts10.1007/s41918-022-00136-8 ↗
54. Issues and Future Perspective on Zinc Metal Anode for Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries10.1002/eem2.12067 ↗
55. Cost-Effective Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reactions (HER): Challenges and Prospects10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.09.075 ↗
56. Two-Dimensional Ultrathin Networked CoP Derived from Co(OH)2 as Efficient Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution10.1007/s42114-022-00455-w ↗
57. MoOxSy/Ni3S2 Microspheres on Ni Foam as Highly Efficient, Durable Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction10.1021/acs.chemmater.1c03682 ↗
58. Electrolyzer Design for Flexible Decoupled Water Splitting and Organic Upgrading with Electron Reservoirs10.1016/j.chempr.2017.12.019 ↗
59. Self-Supported Co-Ni-P Ternary Nanowire Electrodes for Highly Efficient and Stable Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution in Acidic Solution10.1016/j.cattod.2016.09.007 ↗
60. Designing Dendrite-Free Zinc Anodes for Advanced Aqueous Zinc Batteries10.1002/adfm.202001263 ↗
61. Long-Life and Deeply Rechargeable Aqueous Zn Anodes Enabled by a Multifunctional Brightener-Inspired Interphase10.1039/C9EE00596J ↗
62. “Water-in-Deep Eutectic Solvent” Electrolytes Enable Zinc Metal Anodes for Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries10.1016/j.nanoen.2018.12.086 ↗
63. Interfacial Parasitic Reactions of Zinc Anodes in Zinc Ion Batteries: Underestimated Corrosion and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions and Their Suppression Strategies10.1016/j.jechem.2021.04.016 ↗
64. Electrolyte Study within Operando pH Tracking Providing Insight into the Reaction Mechanism of Aqueous Acidic Zn//MnO2 Batteries10.1002/celc.202100888 ↗
65. Preparation and Corrosion Resistance of Pulse Electrodeposited Zn and Zn-SiC Nanocomposite Coatings10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.12.143 ↗
66. Issues and Solutions toward Zinc Anode in Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries: A Mini Review10.1002/cey2.67 ↗
67. Advanced Low-Cost, High-Voltage, Long-Life Aqueous Hybrid Sodium/Zinc Batteries Enabled by a Dendrite-Free Zinc Anode and Concentrated Electrolyte10.1021/acsami.8b04085 ↗
68. Carbon Fiber Micron Film Guided Uniform Plating/Stripping of Metals: A Universal Approach for Highly Stable Metal Batteries10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135867 ↗
69. Graphene Oxide-Modified Zinc Anode for Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries10.1016/j.ces.2018.06.048 ↗
70. Modifying the Zn Anode with Carbon Black Coating and Nanofibrillated Cellulose Binder: A Strategy to Realize Dendrite-Free Zn-MnO2 Batteries10.1016/j.jcis.2020.05.102 ↗
71. A Novel Dendrite-Free Mn2+/Zn2+ Hybrid Battery with 2.3 V Voltage Window and 11000-Cycle Lifespan10.1002/aenm.201901469 ↗
72. Constructing PEDOT:PSS/Graphene Sheet Nanofluidic Channels to Achieve Dendrite-Free Zn Anode10.1016/j.compositesb.2021.108798 ↗
73. Graphene Oxide Spontaneous Reduction and Self-Assembly on the Zinc Metal Surface Enabling a Dendrite-Free Anode for Long-Life Zinc Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries10.1016/j.apsusc.2019.03.197 ↗
74. Graphene-Boosted, High-Performance Aqueous Zn-Ion Battery10.1021/acsami.8b07781 ↗
75. Ultrathin Surface Coating of Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Enables Stable Zinc Anodes for Aqueous Zin-Ion Batteries10.1002/adma.202101649 ↗
76. Flexible and Conductive Scaffold-Stabilized Zinc Metal Anodes for Ultralong-Life Zinc-Ion Batteries and Zinc-Ion Hybrid Capacitors10.1016/j.cej.2019.123355 ↗
77. γ-Al2O3 Coating Layer Confining Zinc Dendrite Growth for High Stability Aqueous Rechargeable Zinc-Ion Batteries10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127813 ↗
78. A Hafnium Oxide-Coated Dendrite-Free Zinc Anode for Rechargeable Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries10.1016/j.jcis.2021.04.113 ↗
79. Suppressing By-Product via Stratified Adsorption Effect to Assist Highly Reversible Zinc Anode in Aqueous Electrolyte10.1016/j.jechem.2020.07.021 ↗
80. A Facile Coating Strategy for High Stability Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries: Porous Rutile Nano-TiO2 Coating on Zinc Anode10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127367 ↗
81. Highly Reversible Zn Anode Enabled by Controllable Formation of Nucleation Sites for Zn-Based Batteries10.1002/adfm.201908528 ↗
82. Stable and High-Energy-Density Zn-Ion Rechargeable Batteries Based on a MoS2-Coated Zn Anode10.1021/acsami.0c06009 ↗
83. Manipulating the Ion-Transfer Kinetics and Interface Stability for High-Performance Zinc Metal Anodes10.1039/C9EE03545A ↗
84. Nanoporous CaCO3 Coatings Enabled Uniform Zn Stripping/Plating for Long-Life Zinc Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries10.1002/aenm.201801090 ↗
85. Structural Design and Interfacial Characteristics Endow NaTi2(PO4)3 Coated Zinc Anode with High Capacity and Better Cycling Stability10.1016/j.surfcoat.2021.127699 ↗
86. A Sieve-Functional and Uniform-Porous Kaolin Layer toward Stable Zinc Metal Anode10.1002/adfm.202000599 ↗
87. Regulating Dendrite-Free Zinc Deposition by Red Phosphorous-Derived Artificial Protective Layer for Zinc Metal Batteries10.1002/advs.202200155 ↗
88. Realizing Highly Reversible and Deeply Rechargeable Zn Anode by Porous Zeolite Layer10.1016/j.jpowsour.2022.231659 ↗
89. Stable Zinc Metal Anodes with Textured Crystal Faces and Functional Zinc Compound Coatings10.1002/adfm.202106114 ↗
90. Quasi-Isolated Au Particles as Heterogeneous Seeds to Guide Uniform Zn Deposition for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries10.1021/acsaem.9b01063 ↗
91. Chemically Resistant Cu–Zn/Zn Composite Anode for Long Cycling Aqueous Batteries10.1016/j.ensm.2020.01.032 ↗
92. Multifunctional Tin Layer Enabled Long-Life and Stable Anode for Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries10.1016/j.mtener.2021.100675 ↗
93. A Corrosion-Resistant and Dendrite-Free Zinc Metal Anode in Aqueous Systems10.1002/smll.202001736 ↗
94. Stabilizing Zinc Metal Anodes by Artificial Solid Electrolyte Interphase through a Surface Ion-Exchanging Strategy10.1016/j.cej.2020.125363 ↗
95. Highly Reversible and Dendrite-Free Zn Electrodeposition Enabled by a Thin Metallic Interfacial Layer in Aqueous Batteries10.1016/j.cej.2020.128062 ↗
96. Uniform and Dendrite-Free Zinc Deposition Enabled by In Situ Formed AgZn3 for the Zinc Metal Anode10.1039/D0TA12177K ↗
97. A Chemically Polished Zinc Metal Electrode with a Ridge-like Structure for Cycle-Stable Aqueous Batteries10.1021/acsami.0c05661 ↗
98. Direct Self-Assembly of MXene on Zn Anodes for Dendrite-Free Aqueous Zinc-Ion Batteries10.1002/anie.202012322 ↗
99. MXene-Based Zn-Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors: Effects of Anion Carriers and MXene Surface Coatings on the Capacities and Life Span10.1016/j.est.2022.104823 ↗
100. Flexible and Free-Standing Ti3C2Tx MXene@Zn Paper for Dendrite-Free Aqueous Zinc Metal Batteries and Nonaqueous Lithium Metal Batteries10.1021/acsnano.9b05599 ↗