Recent Development of Nickel-Rich and Cobalt-Free Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Source abstract
Abstract
The exponential growth in the production of electric vehicles requires an increasing supply of low-cost, high-performance lithium-ion batteries. The increased production of lithium-ion batteries raises concerns over the availability of raw materials, especially cobalt for batteries with nickel-rich cathodes, in which these constraints can impact the high price of cobalt. The reliance on cobalt in these cathodes is worrisome because it is a high-cost, rare material, with an unstable supply chain. This review describes the need and feasibility of developing cobalt-free high-nickel cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The new type of cathode material, LiNi1−x−yMnxAlyO2 promises a completely cobalt-free composition with almost the same electrochemical performance as that of the conventional high-nickel cathode. Therefore, this new type of cathode needs further research for its commercial applications.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Advancements in Battery Materials · Extraction and Separation Processes · Advanced Battery Technologies Research
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS), Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sepuluh Nopember Institute of Technology (ITS), Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
Energy Storage Research Group, Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu 21030, Malaysia
Department of Engineering Physics, Institute of Technology Bandung (ITB), Bandung 40132, Indonesia
Funding
Indonesian Ministry of Research and Technology/National Agency for Research and Innovation
References (100+)
Show source-provided references
1. Breaking Free from Cobalt Reliance in Lithium-Ion Batteries10.1016/j.isci.2020.101505 ↗
2. Batteries and fuel cells for emerging electric vehicle markets10.1038/s41560-018-0108-1 ↗
3. Structure and electrochemistry of Li1±yNiO2 and a new Li2NiO2 phase with the Ni (OH)2 structure10.1016/0167-2738(90)90049-W ↗
4. Lithium Batteries and Cathode Materials10.1021/cr020731c ↗
5. Synthesis and structural characterization of the normal spinel Li[Ni2]O410.1016/0025-5408(85)90087-X ↗
6. Nickel-Rich Layered Lithium Transition-Metal Oxide for High-Energy Lithium-Ion Batteries10.1002/anie.201409262 ↗
7. Comparative study of LiCoO2, LiNi12Co12O2 and LiNiO2 for 4 volt secondary lithium cells10.1016/0013-4686(93)80046-3 ↗
8. Is Cobalt Needed in Ni-Rich Positive Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries?10.1149/2.1381902jes ↗
9. Dopant Distribution in Co-Free High-Energy Layered Cathode Materials10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b03603 ↗
10. Cobalt-free, high-nickel layered oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries: Progress, challenges, and perspectives10.1016/j.ensm.2020.09.020 ↗
11. High-nickel layered oxide cathodes for lithium-based automotive batteries10.1038/s41560-019-0513-0 ↗
12. Berckmans, G., Messagie, M., Smekens, J., Omar, N., Vanhaverbeke, L., and Mierlo, J. (2017). Van Cost Projection of State of the Art Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Up to 2030. Energies, 10.10.3390/en10091314 ↗
13. Prospective improvements in cost and cycle life of off-grid lithium-ion battery packs: An analysis informed by expert elicitations10.1016/j.enpol.2017.12.033 ↗
14. The vulnerability of electric vehicle deployment to critical mineral supply10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113844 ↗
15. China’s domestic and foreign influence in the global cobalt supply chain10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.03.015 ↗
16. Commercialization of Lithium Battery Technologies for Electric Vehicles10.1002/aenm.201900161 ↗
17. The geopolitics of renewable energy: Debunking four emerging myths10.1016/j.erss.2018.10.018 ↗
18. Comparison of the structural and electrochemical properties of layered Li[NixCoyMnz]O2 (x = 1/3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.85) cathode material for lithium-ion batteries10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.01.063 ↗
19. On the LixNi0.8Co0.2O2System10.1006/jssc.1997.7599 ↗
20. Stabilization of the layered crystal structure of LiNiO2 by Co-substitution10.1016/0167-2738(93)90037-4 ↗
21. Stabilization of a High-Capacity and High-Power Nickel-Based Cathode for Li-Ion Batteries10.1016/j.chempr.2017.12.027 ↗
22. Unraveling TM Migration Mechanisms in LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 by Modeling and Experimental Studies10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c01985 ↗
23. Surface properties of LiCoO2, LiNiO2 and LiNi1−xCoxO210.1016/j.apsusc.2006.10.044 ↗
24. Electronic and Electrochemical Properties of LixNi1−yCoyO1/3 Cathodes Studied by Impedance Spectroscopy10.1021/cm000600x ↗
25. Nanostructured electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage and conversion10.1039/b811802g ↗
26. Various aspects of LiNiO2 chemistry: A review10.1016/j.stam.2005.06.001 ↗
27. Layered Lithium Insertion Material of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 for Lithium-Ion Batteries10.1246/cl.2001.642 ↗
28. Electrochemistry and Structural Chemistry of LiNiO2 (R3m) for 4 Volt Secondary Lithium Cells10.1149/1.2220730 ↗
29. Nickel-Rich Layered Cathode Materials for Automotive Lithium-Ion Batteries: Achievements and Perspectives10.1021/acsenergylett.6b00594 ↗
30. Collapse of LiNi1–x–yCoxMnyO2 Lattice at Deep Charge Irrespective of Nickel Content in Lithium-Ion Batteries10.1021/jacs.8b13798 ↗
31. Capacity Fading Mechanisms in Ni-Rich Single-Crystal NCM Cathodes10.1021/acsenergylett.1c01089 ↗
32. Synthesis and characterization of LiNiO2 cathode material prepared by an adiphic acid-assisted sol–gel method for lithium secondary batteries10.1016/S0167-2738(98)00438-X ↗
33. A path toward cobalt-free lithium-ion cathodes10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227113 ↗
34. Thermal stress-induced charge and structure heterogeneity in emerging cathode materials10.1016/j.mattod.2019.11.009 ↗
35. Heat release during thermally-induced failure of a lithium ion battery: Impact of cathode composition10.1016/j.firesaf.2016.08.001 ↗
36. Lei, B., Zhao, W., Ziebert, C., Uhlmann, N., Rohde, M., and Seifert, H.J. (2017). Experimental Analysis of Thermal Runaway in 18,650 Cylindrical Li-Ion Cells Using an Accelerating Rate Calorimeter. Batteries, 3.10.3390/batteries3020014 ↗
37. Oxygen Release and Its Effect on the Cycling Stability of LiNixMnyCozO2(NMC) Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries10.1149/2.0021707jes ↗
38. Anisotropic Lattice Strain and Mechanical Degradation of High- and Low-Nickel NCM Cathode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b12885 ↗
39. Atomic Resolution Structural and Chemical Imaging Revealing the Sequential Migration of Ni, Co, and Mn upon the Battery Cycling of Layered Cathode10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01546 ↗
40. Structural changes and thermal stability of charged LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material for Li-ion batteries studied by time-resolved XRD10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.10.130 ↗
41. Li+-Ion Extraction/Insertion of Ni-Rich Li1+x(NiyCozMnz)wO2 (0.005 < x < 0.03; y:z = 8:1, w ≈ 1) Electrodes: In Situ XRD and Raman Spectroscopy Study10.1002/celc.201500160 ↗
42. Structural Changes and Thermal Stability of Charged LiNixMnyCozO2 Cathode Materials Studied by Combined In Situ Time-Resolved XRD and Mass Spectroscopy10.1021/am506712c ↗
43. Chemical, Structural, and Electronic Aspects of Formation and Degradation Behavior on Different Length Scales of Ni-Rich NCM and Li-Rich HE-NCM Cathode Materials in Li-Ion Batteries10.1002/adma.201900985 ↗
44. Residual Lithium Carbonate Predominantly Accounts for First Cycle CO2 and CO Outgassing of Li-Stoichiometric and Li-Rich Layered Transition-Metal Oxides10.1021/jacs.7b08461 ↗
45. Surface Modification Strategies for Improving the Cycling Performance of Ni-Rich Cathode Materials10.1002/ejic.202000408 ↗
46. Dynamic behaviour of interphases and its implication on high-energy-density cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries10.1038/ncomms14589 ↗
47. A reflection on lithium-ion battery cathode chemistry10.1038/s41467-020-15355-0 ↗
48. Structure and electrochemical performance of LiFexNi1−xO2 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) cathode materials for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries10.1007/s10832-013-9815-y ↗
49. Synthesize and electrochemical characterization of Mg-doped Li-rich layered Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 cathode material10.1016/j.electacta.2013.05.145 ↗
50. Sodium substitution for partial lithium to significantly enhance the cycling stability of Li2MnO3 cathode material10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.05.155 ↗
51. Impact of Dopants (Al, Mg, Mn, Co) on the Reactivity of LixNiO2 with the Electrolyte of Li-Ion Batteries10.1149/2.0491913jes ↗
52. Correlating Structural Changes and Gas Evolution during the Thermal Decomposition of Charged LixNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Cathode Materials10.1021/cm303096e ↗
53. Thermal stability of LixCoO2, LixNiO2 and λ-MnO2 and consequences for the safety of Li-ion cells10.1016/0167-2738(94)90415-4 ↗
54. Thermal Stability of Lithium Nickel Oxide Derivatives. Part I: LixNi1.02O2 and LixNi0.89Al0.16O2 (x = 0.50 and 0.30)10.1021/cm030059f ↗
55. Cobalt-Free High-Capacity Ni-Rich Layered Li[Ni0.9Mn0.1]O2 Cathode10.1002/aenm.201903179 ↗
56. Toward Better Stability and Reversibility of the Mn4+/Mn2+ Double Redox Activity in Disordered Rocksalt Oxyfluoride Cathode Materials
57. Synthesis, characterization and electrochemical studies of LiNi0·8M0·2O2 cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries10.1007/s12034-008-0069-2 ↗
58. Synthesis and Characterization of LiAl1/4Ni3/4O2(R 3-m) for Lithium-Ion (Shuttlecock) Batteries10.1149/1.2048458 ↗
59. Synthesis and characterization of LiNi0.9Co0.1O2 for lithium batteries10.1007/s10853-007-1905-2 ↗
60. A Cobalt-Free Li(Li0.16Ni0.19Fe0.18Mn0.46)O2 Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries with Anionic Redox Reactions10.1002/cssc.201802436 ↗
61. Thermal Stability of Lithium Nickel Oxide Derivatives. Part II: LixNi0.70Co0.15Al0.15O2 and LixNi0.9.Mn0.10O2 (x = 0.50 and 0.30). Comparison with LixNi1.02O2 and LixNi0.89Al0.16O210.1021/cm030340u ↗
62. An in situ structural study on the synthesis and decomposition of LiNiO210.1039/C9TA12073D ↗
63. Enhancing High-Temperature and High-Voltage Performances of Single-Crystal LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Cathodes through a LiBO2/LiAlO2 Dual-Modification Strategy10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b07792 ↗
64. Synthesis of Single Crystal LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2for Lithium Ion Batteries10.1149/2.0401714jes ↗
65. Electrochemical stabilities of surface aluminum-doped LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 single crystals under different cutoff voltages10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.02.051 ↗
66. Synthesis and properties of single-crystal Ni-rich cathode materials in Li-ion batteries10.1016/S1003-6326(21)65562-0 ↗
67. Comparison of Single Crystal and Polycrystalline LiNi0.5Mn0.3Co0.2O2Positive Electrode Materials for High Voltage Li-Ion Cells10.1149/2.0991707jes ↗
68. Single crystal cathodes enabling high-performance all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries10.1016/j.ensm.2020.05.007 ↗
69. One-Spot Facile Synthesis of Single-Crystal LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 Cathode Materials for Li-ion Batteries10.1021/acsomega.0c02807 ↗
70. Hierarchical Mesoporous Lithium-Rich Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 Cathode Material Synthesized via Ice Templating for Lithium-Ion Battery10.1021/acsami.6b04687 ↗
71. Li- and Mn-rich layered oxide cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries: A review from fundamentals to research progress and applications10.1039/C8ME00025E ↗
72. A strategy of constructing spherical core-shell structure of Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2@Li1.2Ni0.4Mn0.4O2 cathode material for high-performance lithium-ion batteries10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.04.081 ↗
73. High-Energy Density Core–Shell Structured Li[Ni0.95Co0.025Mn0.025]O2 Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b01425 ↗
74. Enhancing surface stability of LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 cathode with hybrid core-shell nanostructure induced by high-valent titanium ions for Li-ion batteries at high cut-off voltage10.1016/j.jallcom.2020.155099 ↗
75. Core–shell and concentration-gradient cathodes prepared via co-precipitation reaction for advanced lithium-ion batteries10.1039/C6TA10297B ↗
76. Cobalt-Free Nickel-Rich Positive Electrode Materials with a Core–Shell Structure10.1021/acs.chemmater.9b03515 ↗
77. Nanostructured high-energy cathode materials for advanced lithium batteries10.1038/nmat3435 ↗
78. Lithium-ion (de)intercalation mechanism in core-shell layered Li(Ni,Co,Mn)O2 cathode materials10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105231 ↗
79. Organic carbon gel assisted-synthesis of Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 for a high-performance cathode material for Li-ion batteries10.1039/C6RA26077B ↗
80. An Effectively Activated Hierarchical Nano-/Microspherical Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 Cathode for Long-Life and High-Rate Lithium-Ion Batteries10.1002/cssc.201501548 ↗
81. Cobalt-Free O2-Type Lithium-Rich Layered Oxides10.1149/2.1331814jes ↗
82. Enhanced Electrochemical Performance of Ni-Rich Cathode Materials with Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 Coating10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b05539 ↗
83. Effect of Low-Temperature Al2O3 ALD Coating on Ni-Rich Layered Oxide Composite Cathode on the Long-Term Cycling Performance of Lithium-Ion Batteries10.1038/s41598-019-41767-0 ↗
84. Highly Stabilized Ni-Rich Cathode Material with Mo Induced Epitaxially Grown Nanostructured Hybrid Surface for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries10.1021/acsami.9b03403 ↗
85. Tailoring grain boundary structures and chemistry of Ni-rich layered cathodes for enhanced cycle stability of lithium-ion batteries10.1038/s41560-018-0191-3 ↗
86. From Surface ZrO2 Coating to Bulk Zr Doping by High Temperature Annealing of Nickel-Rich Lithiated Oxides and Their Enhanced Electrochemical Performance in Lithium Ion Batteries10.1002/aenm.201701682 ↗
87. Realizing superior cycling stability of Ni-Rich layered cathode by combination of grain boundary engineering and surface coating10.1016/j.nanoen.2019.05.021 ↗
88. Beyond Doping and Coating: Prospective Strategies for Stable High-Capacity Layered Ni-Rich Cathodes10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00191 ↗
89. Enhanced Electrochemical Stability of Sulfide-Based LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 All-Solid-State Batteries by Ti Surface Doping10.1002/batt.202000213 ↗
90. The positive role of (NH4)3AlF6 coating on Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 oxide as the cathode material for lithium-ion batteries10.1039/C6RA24947G ↗
91. Surface nitridation of Li-rich layered Li(Li0.17Ni0.25Mn0.58)O2 oxide as cathode material for lithium-ion battery10.1039/c2jm30989k ↗
92. Suppressing capacity fading and voltage decay of Li-rich layered cathode material by a surface nano-protective layer of CoF2 for lithium-ion batteries10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.09.028 ↗
93. Crucial role of thioacetamide for ZrO2 coating on the fragile surface of Ni-rich layered cathode in lithium ion batteries10.1016/j.jpowsour.2019.227625 ↗
94. Dual Elements Coupling Effect Induced Modification from the Surface into the Bulk Lattice for Ni-Rich Cathodes with Suppressed Capacity and Voltage Decay10.1021/acsami.9b18946 ↗
95. Designing In-Situ-Formed Interphases Enables Highly Reversible Cobalt-Free LiNiO2 Cathode for Li-ion and Li-metal Batteries10.1016/j.joule.2019.08.004 ↗
96. High-Nickel NMA: A Cobalt-Free Alternative to NMC and NCA Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries10.1002/adma.202002718 ↗
97. Multi-Doped (Ga,B) Li[Ni0.885Co0.100Al0.015]O2 Cathode10.1149/1945-7111/ab9e82 ↗
98. High-Capacity Concentration Gradient Li[Ni0.865Co0.120Al0.015]O2 Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries10.1002/aenm.201703612 ↗
99. Quaternary Layered Ni-Rich NCMA Cathode for Lithium-Ion Batteries10.1021/acsenergylett.8b02499 ↗
100. High-Energy Ni-Rich Li[NixCoyMn1–x–y]O2 Cathodes via Compositional Partitioning for Next-Generation Electric Vehicles10.1021/acs.chemmater.7b04047 ↗