Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Hibiscus sabdariffa and Aloe vera

The use of plant extracts for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles represents a promising direction in nanotechnology due to the high environmental friendliness and cost-effectiveness of the method. In this study, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was carried out using Hibiscus sabdariffa and Aloe vera extracts. The synthesis was conducted by reaction between the extracts with a silver nitrate solution, leading to the formation of silver nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were identified using UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, particle size determination, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The UV spectra exhibited characteristic absorption in the range of 350–450 nm, confirming the presence of silver nanoparticles, while XRD analysis determined an average particle size of 6.11 nm. The size analysis demonstrated the stability of the nanoparticles over time and their retention within the nanometer range. Comparative antibacterial tests demonstrated that AgNPs synthesized using H. sabdariffa extract showed higher inhibitory activity against E. coli and S. saprophyticus compared to those produced with A. vera extract. The obtained results confirm that biogenic synthesis using plant extracts is an environmentally safe and highly efficient alternative to conventional chemical methods, offering promising applications in biomedicine, catalysis, and other high-tech fields.