The Influence of Temperatures on the Hydration of Cement Paste at the Early Age, and Behaviour of Cement Paste with the Addition of Triethanolamine (TEA) and Triisopropanolamine (TIPA)
Source abstract
Abstract
This paper intends to examine the influence of temperatures on the early age of cement paste hydration, as well as the setting time and the compressive strength of cement paste with the addition of Triethanolamine (TEA) and Triisopropanolamine (TIPA); hence, the mechanisms of TEA, and TIPA at different curing temperatures were explored. The outcomes show that adding 0.05% and 0.1% TEA, and 0.05% and 0.1% TIPA retarded the setting time of cement pastes; however, this retardation depended on both the dosage and the curing temperature. At 23°C curing temperature, both TEA and TIPA could be used as a hardening accelerator at the dosage of 0.05% by cement weight. Adding 0.05% TEA into the cement paste strongly accelerated the hydration of C3A and increased the early compressive strength, which was more efficient than adding 0.05% and 0.1% TIPA, especially after 8 hours of curing. However, at 50°C curing temperature, as TIPA strongly accelerated the formation of AFt, AFm, CH, using TIPA was more effective than using TEA to enhance the cement paste's compressive strength. These results can offer theoretical direction for the application of cement-based materials adding TEA and TIPA under hot and standard curing temperatures.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Concrete Properties and Behavior · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Civil Engineering, National Central University, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 320317, Taiwan.
MOH and Associates, INC., Songshan District, New Taipei City 22102, Taiwan.
Tri Rivers International Company Limited, Taoyuan District, Taoyuan City 33070, Taiwan.
References (49)
Show source-provided references
1. 1) Aggoun, S., Cheikh-Zouaoui, M., Chikh, N. and Duval, R., (2008). “Effect of some admixtures on the setting time and strength evolution of cement pastes at early ages.” Construction and Building Materials, 22(2), 106-110.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.05.043 ↗
2. 2) ASTM, (2013). “Standard test methods for time of setting of hydraulic cement by Vicat needle (ASTM C191).” West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International.
3. 3) ASTM, (2015). “Standard practice for evaluating early hydration of hydraulic cementitious mixtures using thermal measurements (ASTM C1753).” West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International.
4. 4) ASTM, (2016). “Standard test method for compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars using 2-in. [or 50-mm] cube specimens (ASTM C109).” West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International.
5. 5) ASTM, (2019). “Standard specification for chemical admixtures for concrete (ASTM C494).” West Conshohocken, PA, USA: ASTM International.
6. 6) Barnett, S. J., Soutsos, M. N., Millard, S. G. and Bungey, J. H., (2006). “Strength development of mortars containing ground granulated blast-furnace slag: Effect of curing temperature and determination of apparent activation energies.” Cement and Concrete Research, 36(3), 434-440.10.1016/j.cemconres.2005.11.002 ↗
7. 7) Bensted, J. and Varma, S. P., (1974). “Some applications of infrared and Raman spectroscopy in cement chemistry, Part 3: Hydration of Portland cement and its constituents.” Cement Technology, 5(5), 440-445.
8. 8) Chen, H. J., Tang, C. W. and Peng, H. S., (2011). “Feasibility of utilizing oven-drying test to estimate the durability performance of concrete.” Computers and Concrete, 8(4), 389-399.10.12989/cac.2011.8.4.389 ↗
9. 9) Cheung, J., Jeknavorian, A., Roberts, L. and Silva, D., (2011). “Impact of admixtures on the hydration kinetics of Portland cement.” Cement and Concrete Research, 41(12), 1289-1309.10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.03.005 ↗
10. 10) Dransfield, J., (2003). “Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout.” In: J. Newman and B. S. Choo Eds. Advanced Concrete Technology, Part 3. Oxford, UK: Elsevier, 3-36.10.1016/B978-075065686-3/50280-9 ↗
11. 11) Gartner, E., (2011). “Discussion of paper ‘Dissolution theory applied to the induction period in alite hydration.’” Cement and Concrete Research, 41(5), 560-562.10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.01.019 ↗
12. 12) Gartner, E. and Myers, D., (1993). “Influence of tertiary alkanolamines on Portland cement hydration.” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 76(6), 1521-1530.10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb03934.x ↗
13. 13) Gu, K. and Chen, B., (2020). “Research on the incorporation of untreated flue gas desulfurization gypsum into magnesium oxysulfate cement.” Journal of Cleaner Production, 271, 122497.10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122497 ↗
14. 14) Han, J., Wang, K., Shi, J. and Wang, Y., (2015). “Mechanism of triethanolamine on Portland cement hydration process and microstructure characteristics.” Construction and Building Materials, 93, 457-462.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.06.018 ↗
15. 15) Hu, J., Ge, Z. and Wang, K., (2014). “Influence of cement fineness and water-to-cement ratio on mortar early-age heat of hydration and set times.” Construction and Building Materials, 50, 657-663.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.10.011 ↗
16. 16) Ichikawa, M., Kanaya, M. and Sano, S., (1997). “Effect of triisopropanolamine on hydration and strength development of cements with different character.” In: H. Justenes, Ed. Proc. 10th International Congress on the Chemistry of Cement, Göteborg, Sweden 2-6 June 1997. Göteborg: Amarkai AB and Congres.
17. 17) Juilland, P., Gallucci, E., Flatt, R. J. and Scrivener, K. L., (2011a). “Reply to the discussion by E. Gartner of the paper ‘Dissolution theory applied to the induction period in alite hydration.’” Cement and Concrete Research, 41, 563-564.10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.01.018 ↗
18. 18) Juilland, P., Gallucci, E., Flatt, R. J. and Scrivener, K. L., (2011b). “Reply to the discussion by J. Makar, J. J. Beaudoin, T. Sato, R. Alizadeh and L. Raki of the paper ‘Dissolution theory applied to the induction period in alite hydration.’” Cement and Concrete Research, 41, 568-569.10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.01.021 ↗
19. 19) Justnes, H. and Nyguard, E. C., (2000). “Accelerator blends for Portland cement.” In: Proc. Second International Symposium on Cement and Concrete Technology in the 2000s, Istanbul, Turkey 6-10 September 2000. Istanbul: Turkish Cement Manufacturers’ Association, Vol. 1, 433-442.
20. 20) Katsioti, M., Tsakiridis, P. E., Giannatos, P., Tsibouki, Z. and Marinos, J., (2009). “Characterization of various cement grinding aids and their impact on grindability and cement performance.” Construction and Building Materials, 23(5), 1954-1959.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.09.003 ↗
21. 21) Kjellsen, K. O., (1996). “Heat curing and post-heat curing regimes of high-performance concrete: influence on microstructure and CSH composition.” Cement and Concrete Research, 26(2), 295-307.10.1016/0008-8846(95)00202-2 ↗
22. 22) Kjellsen, K. O. and Detwiler, R. J., (1992). “Reaction kinetics of Portland cement mortars hydrated at different temperatures.” Cement and Concrete Research, 22(1), 112-120.10.1016/0008-8846(92)90141-H ↗
23. 23) Li, H., Xu, C., Dong, B., Chen, Q., Gu, L., Yang, X. and Wang, W., (2020). “Differences between their influences of TEA and TEA·HCl on the properties of cement paste.” Construction and Building Materials, 239, 117797.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117797 ↗
24. 24) Liew, K. M., Sojobi, A. O. and Zhang, L. W., (2017). “Green concrete: Prospects and challenges.” Construction and Building Materials, 156, 1063-1095.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.09.008 ↗
25. 25) Liu, T., Wei, H., Zhou, A., Zou, D. and Jian, H., (2020). “Multiscale investigation on tensile properties of ultra-high performance concrete with silane coupling agent modified steel fibers.” Cement and Concrete Composites, 111, 103638.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103638 ↗
26. 26) Ma, B., Zhang, T., Tan, H., Liu, X., Mei, J., Jiang, W., Qi, H. and Gu, B., (2018). “Effect of TIPA on chloride immobilization in cement-fly ash paste.” Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, 2018-4179421.10.1155/2018/4179421 ↗
27. 27) Mailvaganam, N. P., Rixom, M. R., Manson, D. P. and Gonzales, C., (1999). ”Chemical admixtures for concrete.” London: CRC Press.10.4324/9780203017241 ↗
28. 28) Makar, J. M., Beaudoin, J. J., Sato, T., Alizadeh, R. and Raki, L., (2011). “Discussion of dissolution theory applied to the induction period in alite hydration.” Cement and Concrete Research, 5(41), 565-567.10.1016/j.cemconres.2011.01.020 ↗
29. 29) Mehta, P. K., (1986). “Concrete: Structure, properties and materials.” Englewood Cliffs, NJ, USA: Prentice Hall Inc.
30. 30) Nie, S., Hu, S., Wang, F., Yuan, P., Zhu, Y., Ye, J. and Liu, Y., (2016). “Internal curing - A suitable method for improving the performance of heat-cured concrete.” Construction and Building Materials, 122, 294-301.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.159 ↗
31. 31) Odler, I. and Abdul-Maula, S., (1984). “Possibilities of quantitative determination of the AFt-(ettringite) and AFm-(monosulphate) phases in hydrated cement pastes.” Cement and Concrete Research, 14(1), 133-141.10.1016/0008-8846(84)90089-9 ↗
32. 32) Pane, I. and Hansen, W., (2005). “Investigation of blended cement hydration by isothermal calorimetry and thermal analysis.” Cement and Concrete Research, 35(6), 1155-1164.10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.10.027 ↗
33. 33) Perez, J. P., Nonat, A., Garrault, S., Pourchet, S. and Mosquet, M., (2003). “Influence of triisopropanolamine on the physico-chemical and mechanical properties of pure cement pastes and mortars.” Annales de Chimie, 28, S35-S42.
34. 34) Peschard, A., Govin, A., Grosseau, P., Guilhot, B. and Guyonnet, R., (2004). “Effect of polysaccharides on the hydration of cement paste at early ages.” Cement and Concrete Research, 34(11), 2153-2158.10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.04.001 ↗
35. 35) Punurai, S., Punurai, W. and Hsu, C.-T., (2007), “A very early strength concrete for highway construction.” Journal of Testing and Evaluation, 35(6), 100888.10.1520/JTE100888 ↗
36. 36) Qin, S., Zou, D., Liu, T. and Jivkov, A., (2020). “A chemo-transport-damage model for concrete under external sulfate attack.” Cement and Concrete Research, 132, 106048.10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106048 ↗
37. 37) Ramachandran, V. S., (1972). “Influence of triethanolamine on the hydration characteristics of tricalcium silicate.” Journal of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, 22(11), 1125-1138.10.1002/jctb.5020221102 ↗
38. 38) Ramachandran, V. S., (1973). “Action of triethanolamine on the hydration of tricalcium aluminate.” Cement and Concrete Research, 3(1), 41-54.10.1016/0008-8846(73)90060-4 ↗
39. 39) Ramachandran, V. S., (1996). “Concrete admixtures handbook: Properties, science and technology.” Norwich, NY, USA: William Andrew Inc.
40. 40) Sandberg, P. J. and Doncaster, F., (2004). “On the mechanism of strength enhancement of cement paste and mortar with triisopropanolamine.” Cement and Concrete Research, 34(6), 973-976.10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.11.018 ↗
41. 41) Singh, L. P., Goel, A., Bhattacharyya, S. K., Sharma, U. and Mishra, G., (2015). “Hydration studies of cementitious material using silica nanoparticles.” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 13(7), 345-354.10.3151/jact.13.345 ↗
42. 42) Soutsos, M., Hatzitheodorou, A., Kwasny, J. and Kanavaris, F., (2016). “Effect of in situ temperature on the early age strength development of concretes with supplementary cementitious materials.” Construction and Building Materials, 103, 105-116.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2015.11.034 ↗
43. 43) Wang, S. and Li, V. C., (2006). “High-early-strength engineered cementitious composites.” ACI Materials Journal, 103(2), 97-105.10.14359/15260 ↗
44. 44) Wilding, C. R., Walter, A. and Double, D. D., (1984). “A classification of inorganic and organic admixtures by conduction calorimetry.” Cement and Concrete Research, 14(2), 185-194.10.1016/0008-8846(84)90103-0 ↗
45. 45) Xu, C., Li, H., Yang, X., Dong, B. and Wang, W., (2021). “Action of the combined presence of CS-Hs-PCE and triethanolamine on the performances of cement paste/mortar.” Construction and Building Materials, 269, 121345.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121345 ↗
46. 46) Xu, Z., Li, W., Sun, J., Hu, Y., Xu, K., Ma, S. and Shen, X., (2017). “Research on cement hydration and hardening with different alkanolamines.” Construction and Building Materials, 141, 296-306.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.010 ↗
47. 47) Yan-Rong, Z., Xiang-Ming, K., Zi-Chen, L., Zhen-Bao, L., Qing, Z., Bi-Qin, D. and Feng, X., (2016). “Influence of triethanolamine on the hydration product of portlandite in cement paste and the mechanism.” Cement and Concrete Research, 87, 64-76.10.1016/j.cemconres.2016.05.009 ↗
48. 48) Yaphary, Y. L., Yu, Z., Lam, R. H. and Lau, D., (2017). “Effect of triethanolamine on cement hydration toward initial setting time.” Construction and Building Materials, 141, 94-103.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.072 ↗
49. 49) Zhang, P., Wittmann, F. H., Vogel, M., Müller, H. S. and Zhao, T., (2017). “Influence of freeze-thaw cycles on capillary absorption and chloride penetration into concrete.” Cement and Concrete Research, 100, 60-67.10.1016/j.cemconres.2017.05.018 ↗