Experimental and Analytical Performance of Recycled Aggregates Produced by Customized Chemical-Mechanical Treatment
Source abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the experimental and analytical performance of untreated recycled aggregates (URA), chemically treated recycled aggregates (ARA), and customized chemical-mechanically processed recycled aggregates (AmRA). The compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, fracture energy, and modulus of elasticity of concrete consisting of AmRA (AmRC) are greater than those composed by URA (URC) by 33.88%, 5.87%, 55.07%, 28.84%, and 50.80%, and those of ARA (ARC) by 10.89%, 21.41%, 29.44%, 55.33%, and 34.48%, respectively. AmRC has abrasion resistance around 52.03% and 43.07% higher than URC and ARC. Chemical treatment reduces porosity and microcracks in mortar adhered to aggregate. As a result of the customized mechanical treatment, the surface characteristics are highly uniform and dense. The high-quality surface texture, reduced porosity, and microcracks in the mortar adhering to the AmRA significantly strengthen interfacial transitions zones. Thus, AmRC achieves physical, mechanical, and durability properties close to or superior to natural aggregate (NA) concrete (NAC). Moreover, there is a strong correlation between compressive strength and split tensile strength, flexural strength, fracture energy, and modulus of elasticity of AmRC with URC and ARC. The most interesting observation of the present research is the equivalency in sorptivity of AmRC and NAC. The present study uses the URA produced by crushing concrete cubes in the laboratory.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance · Innovative concrete reinforcement materials · Concrete and Cement Materials Research
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Patna-800005, India.
References (79)
Show source-provided references
1. 1) ACI, (2008). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary (ACI committee report ACI M318-08).” Farmington Hills, Michigan: American Concrete Institute.
2. 2) Al-bayati, H. K. A., Das P. K., Tighe S. L. and Baaj H., (2016). “Evaluation of various treatment methods for enhancing the physical and morphological properties of coarse recycled concrete aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater., 112, 284–298.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.176 ↗
3. 3) Alexander, M. and Mindess, S., (2005). "Aggregates in concrete." Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14: Taylor & Francis.10.1201/9781482264647 ↗
4. 4) Alodaini, A. A., Ridzuan, A. R. M. and Fauzi, M. A. M., (2018). “Removal of old adhered mortar from crushed concrete waste aggregate (CCWA) with different HCl molarities and its effect on CCWA properties.” International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4), 5950-5959.
5. 5) Amer, A. M. A., Ezziane, A., Bougara, K., Adjoudj, A. and Hamed, M., (2016). “Rheological and mechanical behavior of concrete made with pre-saturated and dried recycled concrete aggregates.” Constr. Build. Mater., 123, 300–308.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.06.107 ↗
6. 6) ASTM, (1997). “Standard test method for density, absorption, and voids in hardened concrete (ASTM C642-97).” West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: ASTM International.
7. 7) ASTM, (2002). “Standard test method for static modulus of elasticity and poisson’s ratio of concrete in compression (ASTM C469-2002).” West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: ASTM International.
8. 8) ASTM, (2004). “Standard test method for measurement of rate of absorption of water by hydraulic-cement concretes (ASTM C1585-04).” West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: ASTM International.
9. 9) ASTM, (2009). “Standard test method for bulk density (unit weight) and voids in aggregate (ASTM C29/C29M-09).” West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: ASTM International.
10. 10) ASTM, (2009). “Standard test method for pulse velocity through concrete (ASTM C597-09).” West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: ASTM International.
11. 11) ASTM, (2011). “Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens (ASTM C496/C496M-11).” West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: ASTM International.
12. 12) ASTM, (2018). “Standard test method for flexural strength of concrete using simple beam with third-point loading (ASTM C78M-18).” West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: ASTM International.
13. 13) ASTM, (2019). “Standard test method for electrical indication of concrete’s ability to resist chloride ion penetration (ASTM C1202-19).” West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania: ASTM International.
14. 14) Bairagi, N. K., Ravande, K. and Pareek, V. K., (1993). “Behaviour of concrete with different proportions of natural and recycled aggregates.” Resources, Construction and Recycling, 9(1-2), 109-126.10.1016/0921-3449(93)90036-F ↗
15. 15) Cabral, A. E. B., Schalch, V., Molin, D. C. C. D. and Ribeiro, J. L. D., (2010). “Mechanical properties modeling of recycled aggregate concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 24(4), 421–430.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2009.10.011 ↗
16. 16) Chauhan, B. L. and Singh, G. J., (2023). “Sustainable development of recycled concrete aggregate through optimized acid-mechanical treatment : A simplified approach.” Constr. Build. Mater., 399, 132559.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132559 ↗
17. 17) Chen, P., Wang, J., Wang, L., Xu, Y., Qian, X., and Ma, H., (2017). “Producing vaterite by CO2 sequestration in the waste solution of chemical treatment of recycled concrete aggregates.” J. Clean. Prod., 149, 735–742.10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.148 ↗
18. 18) Dilbas, H., Çakır, Ö. and Atiş, C. D., (2019). “Experimental investigation on properties of recycled aggregate concrete with optimized ball milling method.” Constr. Build. Mater., 212, 716–726.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.04.007 ↗
19. 19) Dilbas, H. and Çakır, Ö., (2021). “Physical and mechanical properties of treated recycled aggregate concretes: Combination of mechanical treatment and silica fume.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 33(6), 04021096.10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003658 ↗
20. 20) Duan, Z. H. and Poon, C. S., (2014). “Properties of recycled aggregate concrete made with recycled aggregates with different amounts of old adhered mortars.” Mater. Des., 58, 19–29.10.1016/j.matdes.2014.01.044 ↗
21. 21) Güneyisi, E., Gesoglu, M., Algın, Z. and Yazıcı, H., (2014). “Effect of surface treatment methods on the properties of self-compacting concrete with recycled aggregates.” Constr. Build. Mater., 64, 172–183.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.04.090 ↗
22. 22) IS, (2000). “Plain and reinforced concrete - Code of practice (IS 456).” New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.
23. 23) IS, (2002). “Method of test for aggregate for concrete: Specific gravity, density, voids, absorption and bulking (IS 2386-III 1963).” New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.
24. 24) IS, (2002a). “Method of test for aggregates for concrete: Particle size and shape (IS 2386-I).” New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.
25. 25) IS, (2002b). “Methods of test for aggregates for concrete (specific gravity, density, voids, absorption and bulking (IS 2386-III).” New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.
26. 26) IS, (2002c). “Method of test for aggregates for concrete: Mechanical properties (IS 2386-IV).” New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.
27. 27) IS, (2006). “Precast concrete blocks for paving (IS 15658).” New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.
28. 28) IS, (2011). “Methods of test for aggregates for concrete (estimation of deleterious materials and organic impurities) (IS 2386-II).” New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.
29. 29) IS, (2016). “Coarse and fine aggregate for concrete-specification (IS 383).” New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.
30. 30) IS, (2018). “Hardened concrete-methods of test: Non-destructive testing of concrete (IS 516- Part 5).” New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.
31. 31) IS, (2019). “Concrete mix proportioning-Guidelines (IS 10262).” New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.
32. 32) IS, (2021). “Hardened concrete-methods of test: Compressive, flexural, and split tensile strength (IS 516-I).” New Delhi, India: Bureau of Indian Standards.
33. 33) Ismail, S., Hoe, K. W. and Ramli, M., (2013). “Sustainable aggregates: The potential and challenge for natural resources conservation.” Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci., 101, 100–109.10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.183 ↗
34. 34) Ismail, S. and Ramli, M., (2013). “Engineering properties of treated recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) for structural applications.” Constr. Build. Mater., 44, 464–476.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2013.03.014 ↗
35. 35) Katkhuda, H. and Shatarat, N., (2017). “Improving the mechanical properties of recycled concrete aggregate using chopped basalt fibers and acid treatment.” Constr. Build. Mater., 140, 328–335.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.02.128 ↗
36. 36) Katz, A., (2003). “Properties of concrete made with recycled aggregate from partially hydrated old concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 33, 703–711.10.1016/S0008-8846(02)01033-5 ↗
37. 37) Kazemian, F., Rooholamini, H. and Hassani, A., (2019). “Mechanical and fracture properties of concrete containing treated and untreated recycled concrete aggregates.” Constr. Build. Mater., 209, 690–700.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.03.179 ↗
38. 38) Kazmi, S. M. S., Munir, M. J., Wu, Y.-F., Patnaikuni, I., Zhou,Y. and Xing, F., (2019). “Influence of different treatment methods on the mechanical behavior of recycled aggregate concrete : A comparative study.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 104, 103398.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2019.103398 ↗
39. 39) Kim, H. S., Kim, B., Kim, K. S. and Kim, J. M., (2017). “Quality improvement of recycled aggregates using the acid treatment method and the strength characteristics of the resulting mortar.” J. Mater. Cycles Waste Manag., 19(2), 968–976.10.1007/s10163-016-0497-9 ↗
40. 40) Kim, J. (2022). “Influence of quality of recycled aggregates on the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concretes: An overview.” Constr. Build. Mater., 328, 127071.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127071 ↗
41. 41) Kim, Y., Hanif, A., Kazmi, S. M. S., Munir, M. J. and Park, C., (2018). “Properties enhancement of recycled aggregate concrete through pretreatment of coarse aggregates – Comparative assessment of assorted techniques.” J. Clean. Prod., 191, 339–349.10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.192 ↗
42. 42) Kou, S. and Poon, C., (2010). “Properties of concrete prepared with PVA-impregnated recycled concrete aggregates.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 32(8), 649–654.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2010.05.003 ↗
43. 43) Kumar, A. and Singh, G. J., (2023a). “Recycled concrete aggregate classification based on quality parameters and performance.” Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Civ. Eng., 47, 3211-3232.10.1007/s40996-023-01139-1 ↗
44. 44) Kumar, A. and Singh, G. J., (2023b). “Improving the physical and mechanical properties of recycled concrete aggregate: A state-of-the-art review.” Eng. Res. Express, 5(1), 012007.10.1088/2631-8695/acc3df ↗
45. 45) Kumar, A., Singh, G. J., Kumar, S. B. and Kumar, R., (2023). “Performance-based quality optimization Approach for mechanically treated recycled concrete aggregates.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 35(9), 1–14.10.1061/JMCEE7.MTENG-15284 ↗
46. 46) Kurda, R., de Brito, J. and Silvestre, J. D., (2017). “Influence of recycled aggregates and high contents of fly ash on concrete fresh properties.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 84, 198–213.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2017.09.009 ↗
47. 47) Liu, J., Xing, F., Dong, B., Ma, H. and Pan, D., (2014). “Study on surface permeability of concrete under immersion.” Materials (Basel)., 7(2), 876–886.10.3390/ma7020876 ↗
48. 48) López-Gayarre, F., Serna, P., Domingo-Cabo, A., Serrano-López, M. A. and López-Colina, C., (2009). “Influence of recycled aggregate quality and proportioning criteria on recycled concrete properties.” Waste Manag., 29(12), 3022–3028.10.1016/j.wasman.2009.07.010 ↗
49. 49) Martín-Morales, M., Zamorano, M., Ruiz-Moyano, A. and Valverde-Espinosa, I., (2011). “Characterization of recycled aggregates construction and demolition waste for concrete production following the Spanish Structural Concrete Code EHE-08.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(2), 742–748.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.07.012 ↗
50. 50) Mi, R., Pan, G. and Kuang, T., (2021). “Reducing the carbonation zone and steel corrosion zone widths of recycled aggregate concrete by optimizing its mixing process.” Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., 33(5), 1–12.10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003672 ↗
51. 51) Padmini, A. K., Ramamurthy, K. and Mathews, M. S., (2009). “Influence of parent concrete on the properties of recycled aggregate concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(2), 829–836.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.03.006 ↗
52. 52) Pan, G., Zhan, M., Fu, M., Wang, Y. and Lu, X., (2017). “Effect of CO2 curing on demolition recycled fine aggregates enhanced by calcium hydroxide pre-soaking.” Constr. Build. Mater., 154, 810–818.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.07.079 ↗
53. 53) Pandurangan, K., Dayanithy, A. and Prakash, S. O., (2016). “Influence of treatment methods on the bond strength of recycled aggregate concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 120, 212–221.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.05.093 ↗
54. 54) Poon, C. S., Shui, Z. H. and Lam, L., (2004). “Effect of microstructure of ITZ on compressive strength of concrete prepared with recycled aggregates.” Constr. Build. Mater., 18(6), 461–468.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2004.03.005 ↗
55. 55) Princigallo, A., (2018). “Effective water in concrete with recycled aggregate.” ACI Mater. J., 115(6), 845–854.10.14359/51706842 ↗
56. 56) Purushothaman, R., Amirthavalli, R. R. and Karan, L., (2014). “Influence of treatment methods on the strength and performance characteristics of recycled aggregate concrete.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 27(5), 04014168.10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001128 ↗
57. 57) Rao, M. C., Bhattacharyya, S. K. and Barai, S. V., (2011). “Behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete under drop weight impact load.” Constr. Build. Mater., 25(1), 69–80.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.06.055 ↗
58. 58) Rashid, K., Rehman, M. U., de Brito, J. and Ghafoor, H., (2020). “Multi-criteria optimization of recycled aggregate concrete mixes.” J. Clean. Prod., 276, 124316.10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124316 ↗
59. 59) RILEM, (1985). “Determination of the fracture energy of mortar and concrete by mans of three-point bend tests on notched beams.” Mater. Struct., 18(106), 285–290.10.1007/BF02472918 ↗
60. 60) Ryu, J. S., (2002). “An experimental study on the effect of recycled aggregate on concrete properties.” Mag. Concr. Res., 54(1), 7–12.10.1680/macr.2002.54.1.7 ↗
61. 61) Saravanakumar, P., Abhiram, K. and Manoj, B., (2016). “Properties of treated recycled aggregates and its influence on concrete strength characteristics.” Constr. Build. Mater., 111, 611–617.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.02.064 ↗
62. 62) Shaban, W. M., Elbaz, K., Yang, J., Thomas, B. S., Shen, X., Li, L., Du, Y., Xie, J. and Li, L., (2021). “Effect of pozzolan slurries on recycled aggregate concrete: mechanical and durability performance.” Constr. Build. Mater., 276, 121940.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.121940 ↗
63. 63) Singh, G. J., Kumar, V., Singh, B. N. and Kumar, R., (2021). “Impact of drying the concrete before its complete curing: Plain and fly ash–based cement concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 34(2), 04021442.10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004290 ↗
64. 64) Tabsh, S. W. and Abdelfatah, A. S., (2009). “Influence of recycled concrete aggregates on strength properties of concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 23(2), 1163–1167.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2008.06.007 ↗
65. 65) Tam, V. W. Y., Gao, X. F. and Tam, C. M., (2005). “Microstructural analysis of recycled aggregate concrete produced from two-stage mixing approach.” Cem. Concr. Res., 35(6), 1195–1203.10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.10.025 ↗
66. 66) Tam, V. W. Y. and Le, K. N., (2007). “Aggregate testing using 2nd-, 7th- and 10th-order interpolation polynomials.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 52(1), 39–57.10.1016/j.resconrec.2007.02.001 ↗
67. 67) Tam, V. W. Y., Soomro, M., Catarina, A. and Evangelista, J., (2021). “Quality improvement of recycled concrete aggregate by removal of residual mortar : A comprehensive review of approaches adopted.” Constr. Build. Mater., 288, 123066.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.123066 ↗
68. 68) Tam, V. W. Y. and Tam, C. M., (2007). “Assessment of durability of recycled aggregate concrete produced by two-stage mixing approach.” J. Mater. Sci., 42(10), 3592–3602.10.1007/s10853-006-0379-y ↗
69. 69) Tam, V. W. Y., Tam, C. M. and Le., K. N., (2007). “Removal of cement mortar remains from recycled aggregate using pre-soaking approaches.” Resour. Conserv. Recycl., 50(1), 82–101.10.1016/j.resconrec.2006.05.012 ↗
70. 70) Tangchirapat, W., Buranasing, R. and Jaturapitakkul, C., (2010). “Use of high fineness of fly ash to improve properties of recycled aggregate concrete.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 22(6), 565–571.10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000054 ↗
71. 71) Troian, A., Werle, A. P., Kulakowski, M. P. and Kazmierczak, C. S., (2011). “Chloride ions penetration in concrete with recycled concrete.” XII Int. Conf. Durab. Build. Mater. Components, 1717–1724.
72. 72) Verma, A., Babu, V. S. and Srinivasan, A., (2021). “Strength and durability properties of treated recycled aggregate concrete by soaking and mechanical grinding method : Influence of processing technique.” J. of Materials Civ. Eng., 33(10), 1–21.10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0003908 ↗
73. 73) Wang, L., Wang, J., Qian, X., Chen, P., Xu, Y. and Guo, J., (2017). “An environmentally friendly method to improve the quality of recycled concrete aggregates.” Constr. Build. Mater., 144, 432–441.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.03.191 ↗
74. 74) Wang, R., Yu, N. and Li, Y., (2020). “Methods for improving the microstructure of recycled concrete aggregate: A review.” Constr. Build. Mater., 242, 118164.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.118164 ↗
75. 75) Xiao, J., Lei, B. and Yuan, B., (2008). “Compressive strength distribution of recycled aggregate concrete derived from different origins.” Jianzhu Jiegou Xuebao/Journal Build. Struct., 29(5), 94–100.
76. 76) Xiao, J. Z., Li, J. B. and Zhang, C., (2006). “On relationships between the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete: An overview.” Mater. Struct. Constr., 39(6), 655–664.10.1617/s11527-006-9093-0 ↗
77. 77) Xuan, D., Zhan, B. and Poon, C. S., (2016). “Assessment of mechanical properties of concrete incorporating carbonated recycled concrete aggregates.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 65, 67–74.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2015.10.018 ↗
78. 78) Yang, H., Jiang, L., Zhang, Y., Du, Y. and Z. X., (2011). “Summary of researches on chemical damage of concrete based on leaching process.” Adv. Sci. Technol. Water Resour., 31, 83-89.
79. 79) Zhou, C. and Chen, Z., (2017). “Mechanical properties of recycled concrete made with different types of coarse aggregate.” Constr. Build. Mater., 134, 497–506.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.163 ↗