A Micromechanics-based Study on Cracking Characteristics of Engineered Geopolymer Composite
Source abstract
Abstract
This study aims at experimentally and analytically characterizing cracking characteristics of Engineered Geopolymer Composites (EGCs) and at identifying optimal combinations of micromechanical parameters for enhancing the composite tensile performance. Fly ash-based EGCs with different volume fractions of polyvinyl alcohol fibers are investigated. The number of cracks and residual crack widths are measured for EGC specimens uniaxially loaded to 1% and 2% tensile strain. The observed crack patterns are analyzed by a micromechanics-based model that relates matrix, fiber, and interface properties to the macroscopic composite behavior. The experimental results demonstrate the lognormal distributions of crack widths and more tightly controlled cracking compared to Engineered Cementitious Composites. The simulated fiber bridging stress-crack opening relationship (σ-δ relationship) suggests that relatively high chemical bond and low frictional bond lead to the tight crack width. The simulation results also suggest that the first-cracking strength and the subsequent micro-cracking stress during the hardening stage should be below the analytical σ-δ curve peak. Higher chemical bond is beneficial for meeting these conditions, but if it is too high, fiber rupture dominates over pull-out, which lowers the complementary energy. Lower frictional bond or slip-hardening coefficient can suppress the fiber rupture tendency.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Innovative concrete reinforcement materials · Concrete and Cement Materials Research · Rock Mechanics and Modeling
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2125, USA.
References (37)
Show source-provided references
1. 1) Al-Majidi, M. H., Lampropoulos, A. and Cundy, A. B., (2017). “Tensile properties of a novel fibre reinforced geopolymer composite with enhanced strain hardening characteristics.” Composite Structures, 168, 402-427.10.1016/j.compstruct.2017.01.085 ↗
2. 2) ASTM, (2015). “Standard specification for coal fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolona for use in concrete (ASTM C618).” West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, USA: ASTM International.
3. 3) Chehovits, J. and Galehouse, L., (2010). “Energy usage and greenhouse gas emissions of pavement preservation processes for asphalt concrete pavements.” In: Compendium of Papers from the First International Conference on Pavement Preservation, Newport Beach, California, USA 13-15 April 2010. Washington DC: US Federal Highway Administration, 27-42.
4. 4) Elmesalami, N. and Celik, K., (2022). “A critical review of engineered geopolymer composite : A low-carbon ultra-high-performance concrete.” Construction and Building Materials, 346, 128491.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128491 ↗
5. 5) Guo, X., Xiong, G. and Zhang, H., (2020). “In-situ evaluation of self-healing performance of engineered geopolymer composites (EGC) by ultrasonic method.” Materials Letters, 280, 128546.10.1016/j.matlet.2020.128546 ↗
6. 6) JSCE, (2008). “Recommendations for design and construction of high performance fiber reinforced cement composites with multiple fine cracks (HPFRCC).” Tokyo: Japan Society of Civil Engineers.
7. 7) Kan, L., Lv, J.-W., Duan, B.-B. and Wu, M., (2019). “Self-healing of engineered geopolymer composites prepared by fly ash and metakaolin.” Cement and Concrete Research, 125, 105895.10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105895 ↗
8. 8) Kan, L., Zhang, L., Zhao, Y. and Wu, M., (2020). “Properties of polyvinyl alcohol fiber reinforced fly ash based engineered geopolymer composites with zeolite replacement.” Construction and Building Materials, 231, 117161.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.117161 ↗
9. 9) Kanda, T. and Li, V. C., (1998). “Interface property and apparent strength of high-strength hydrophilic fiber in cement matrix.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 10(1), 5-13.10.1061/(ASCE)0899-1561(1998)10:1(5) ↗
10. 10) Khan, S. U. and Ayub, T., (2022). “PET fiber-reinforced engineered geopolymer and cementitious composites.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 34(3), 1-15.10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0004215 ↗
11. 11) Li, L., Sun, H. X., Zhang, Y. and Yu, B., (2021). “Surface cracking and fractal characteristics of bending fractured polypropylene fiber‐reinforced geopolymer mortar.” Fractal and Fractional, 5(4), 1-23.10.3390/fractalfract5040142 ↗
12. 12) Li, V. C., (2003). “On engineered cementitious composites (ECC). A review of the material and its applications.” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 1(3), 215-230.10.3151/jact.1.215 ↗
13. 13) Li, V. C. and Leung, C. K. Y., (1992). “Steady‐state and multiple cracking of short random fiber composites.” Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 118(11), 2246-2264.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1992)118:11(2246) ↗
14. 14) Li, V. C., Wang, S. and Wu, C., (2001). “Tensile strain-hardening behavior of polyvinyl alcohol engineered cementitious composite (PVA-ECC).” ACI Materials Journal, 98(6), 483-492.10.14359/10851 ↗
15. 15) Liu, H., Zhang, Q., Gu, C., Su, H. and Li, V. C., (2016). “Influence of micro-cracking on the permeability of engineered cementitious composites.” Cement and Concrete Composites, 72, 104-113.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2016.05.016 ↗
16. 16) Loijos, A., (2011). “Life cycle assessment of concrete pavements: Impacts and opportunities.” Thesis (MSc). Massachusetts, USA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
17. 17) Nematollahi, B., Qiu, J., Yang, E. H. and Sanjayan, J., (2017a). “Micromechanics constitutive modelling and optimization of strain hardening geopolymer composite.” Ceramics International, 43(8), 5999-6007.10.1016/j.ceramint.2017.01.138 ↗
18. 18) Nematollahi, B., Sanjayan, J. and Shaikh, F. U. A., (2015). “Tensile strain hardening behavior of PVA fiber-reinforced engineered geopolymer composite.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 27, 04015001.10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0001242 ↗
19. 19) Nematollahi, B., Sanjayan, J., Qiu, J. and Yang, E. H., (2017b). “Micromechanics-based investigation of a sustainable ambient temperature cured one-part strain hardening geopolymer composite.” Construction and Building Materials, 131, 552-563.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.117 ↗
20. 20) Nguyễn, H. H., Lương, Q. H., Choi, J.-I., Ranade, R., Li, V. C. and Lee, B. Y., (2021). “Ultra-ductile behavior of fly ash-based engineered geopolymer composites with a tensile strain capacity up to 13.7%.” Cement and Concrete Composites, 122, 104133.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104133 ↗
21. 21) Ohno, M., (2017). “Green and durable geopolymer composites for sustainable civil infrastructure.” Thesis (PhD). University of Michigan.
22. 22) Ohno, M. and Li, V. C., (2014). “A feasibility study of strain hardening fiber reinforced fly ash-based geopolymer composites.” Construction and Building Materials, 57, 163-168.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.02.005 ↗
23. 23) Ohno, M. and Li, V. C., (2018). “An integrated design method of engineered geopolymer composite.” Cement and Concrete Composites, 88, 73-85.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2018.02.001 ↗
24. 24) Ohno, M. and Li, V. C., (2019). “Sulfuric acid resistance of strain hardening fibre reinforced geopolymer composite.” Indian Concrete Journal, 93(12), 47-53.
25. 25) Ohno, M., Kim, T. and Li, V. C., (2020). “Self-healing capability of strain-hardening fiber reinforced geopolymer composites.” In: B. Zhao and X. Lu, Eds. Proc. 17th fib Symposium on Concrete Structures for Resilient Societies, Shanghai, China 22-24 November 2020. Lausanne, Switzerland: Fédération Internationale du Béton, 68-75.
26. 26) Ranade, R., Zhang, J., Lynch, J. P. and Li, V. C., (2014). “Influence of micro-cracking on the composite resistivity of engineered cementitious composites.” Cement and Concrete Research, 58, 1-12.10.1016/j.cemconres.2014.01.002 ↗
27. 27) Salami, B., Johari, M., Ahmad, Z. and Maslehuddin, M., (2017). “Durability performance of palm oil fuel ash-based engineered alkaline-activated cementitious composite (POFA-EACC) mortar in sulfate environment.” Construction and Building Materials, 131, 229-244.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.11.048 ↗
28. 28) Trindade, A. C. C., Borges, P. H. R. and Silva, F. A., (2019). “Mechanical behavior of strain-hardening geopolymer composites reinforced with natural and PVA fibers.” Materials Today: Proceedings, 8(3), 753-759.10.1016/j.matpr.2019.02.017 ↗
29. 29) Wang, P., Wittmann, F. H., Zhao, T. and Huang, W., (2011). “Evolution of crack patterns on SHCC as function of imposed strain.” In: R. D. Toledo Filho, F. A. Silva, E. A. B. Koenders and E. M. R. Fairbairn, Eds. Proc. 2nd International RILEM Conference on Strain Hardening Cementitious Composites, Rio de Janeiro, 12-14 December 2011. Paris, France: RILEM Publications, 217-224.
30. 30) Wang, S. and Li, V. C., (2007). “Engineered cementitious composites with high-volume fly ash.” ACI Materials Journal, 104(3), 233-241.10.14359/18668 ↗
31. 31) Wang, Y., Chan, C. L., Leong, S. H. and Zhang, M., (2020). “Engineering properties of strain hardening geopolymer composites with hybrid polyvinyl alcohol and recycled steel fibres.” Construction and Building Materials, 261, 120585.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2020.120585 ↗
32. 32) Wang, Y., Wang, Y. and Zhang, M., (2021). “Effect of sand content on engineering properties of fly ash-slag based strain hardening geopolymer composites.” Journal of Building Engineering, 34, 101951.10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101951 ↗
33. 33) Wu, P., Xia, B. and Zhao, X., (2014). “The importance of use and end-of-life phases to the life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of concrete - A review.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 37, 360-369.10.1016/j.rser.2014.04.070 ↗
34. 34) Yang, E.-H., Wang, S., Yang, Y. and Li, V. C., (2008). “Fiber-bridging constitutive law of engineered cementitious composites.” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 6(1), 181-193.10.3151/jact.6.181 ↗
35. 35) Yang, E.-H., Yang, Y. and Li, V. C., (2007). “Use of high volumes of fly ash to improve ECC mechanical properties and material greenness.” ACI Materials Journal, 104(6), 620-628.10.14359/18966 ↗
36. 36) Zhang, S., Li, V. C. and Ye, G., (2020). “Micromechanics-guided development of a slag/fly ash-based strain-hardening geopolymer composite.” Cement and Concrete Composites, 109, 103510.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2020.103510 ↗
37. 37) Zhong, H. and Zhang, M., (2021). “Effect of recycled tyre polymer fibre on engineering properties of sustainable strain hardening geopolymer composites.” Cement and Concrete Composites, 122, 104167.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104167 ↗