Optimizing Aqueous Amine Blends for Enhanced Carbon Capture and Mineralization in Cement-Based Materials
Source abstract
Abstract
Aqueous amine-based carbon mineralization in cementitious materials is a novel and sustainable approach to carbon capture, conceptualizing cementitious structures as 'synthetic trees'. This study evaluates the effectiveness of five individual aqueous amine systems—2-(methylamino)ethanol (MAE), N-methyl diethanolamine (MDEA), 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol (AMP), ethylenediamine (EDA), and 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol (AEEA)—as well as MAE blended with piperazine (PZ) at different PZ/MAE ratios, for carbon mineralization in calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2(s)) and hydrated cement paste granules (HCPG). A wet carbonation method with 5 vol.% CO2(g) bubbling was employed to assess carbonation performance. For Ca(OH)2, the MAE system exhibited the highest carbonation efficiency, while the EDA and AEEA systems showed lower carbonation than the control. In contrast, for HCPG, the AEEA and EDA systems demonstrated the highest carbonation enhancement. However, when evaluating wt.% CaCO3(s) per mole of nitrogen in the system, MAE was identified as the most efficient individual amine for carbonation. Among PZ/MAE blends, the 1:1 PZ/MAE ratio yielded the highest CaCO3 formation in both Ca(OH)₂ and HCPG carbonation. XRD quantitative phase analysis of HCPG revealed significant decalcification of C-S-H in the AEEA system, predicting poor durability upon AEEA-assisted carbonation. Overall, the findings demonstrate the potential of aqueous amines and amine blends in cementitious materials for effective carbon capture and mineralization.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Catalysis and Hydrodesulfurization Studies · Zeolite Catalysis and Synthesis · Catalysis for Biomass Conversion
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Division of Sustainable Resources Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
Division of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
Shimizu Corporation, Shimizu Institute of Technology, 3 Chome-4-17 Etchujima, Koto Ward, Tokyo 135-8530, Japan.
Division of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan.
References (73)
Show source-provided references
1. 1) Auroy, M., Poyet, S., Le Bescop, P., Torrenti, J. M., Charpentier, T., Moskura, M., & Bourbon, X. (2018). Comparison between natural and accelerated carbonation (3% CO2): Impact on mineralogy, microstructure, water retention and cracking. Cement and Concrete Research, 109, 64-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2018.04.01210.1016/j.cemconres.2018.04.012 ↗
2. 2) Austgen, D. M. (1989). A model of vapor-liquid equilibria for acid gas-alkanolamine-water systems. Thesis (PhD). The University of Texas at Austin.10.1021/ie00091a028 ↗
3. 3) Barzagli, F., Mani, F., & Peruzzini, M. (2016). A comparative study of the CO2 absorption in some solvent-free alkanolamines and in aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA). Environmental Science and Technology, 50(13), 7239-7246. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b0015010.1021/acs.est.6b00150 ↗
4. 4) Bernhardsen, I. M., Krokvik, I. R. T., Perinu, C., Pinto, D. D. D., Jens, K. J., & Knuutila, H. K. (2018). Influence of pKa on solvent performance of MAPA promoted tertiary amines. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 68, 68-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2017.11.00510.1016/j.ijggc.2017.11.005 ↗
5. 5) Bishnoi, S., & Rochelle, G. T. (2000a). Absorption of carbon dioxide into aqueous piperazine: Reaction kinetics, mass transfer and solubility. Chemical Engineering Science, 55(22), 5531-5543. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2509(00)00182-210.1016/S0009-2509(00)00182-2 ↗
6. 6) Bishnoi, S., & Rochelle, G. T. (2000b). Physical and chemical solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous methyldiethanolamine. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 168(2), 51-64.10.1016/S0378-3812(00)00303-4 ↗
7. 7) Bishnoi, S., & Rochelle, G. T. (2002a). Absorption of carbon dioxide in aqueous piperazine/methyldiethanolamine. AIChE Journal, 48(12), 2788-2799. https://doi.org/10.1002/aic.69048120810.1002/aic.690481208 ↗
8. 8) Bishnoi, S., & Rochelle, G. T. (2002b). Thermodynamics of piperazine/methyldiethanolamine/water/carbon dioxide. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 41(3), 604-612. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie010310610.1021/ie0103106 ↗
9. 9) Black, L., Breen, C., Yarwood, J., Deng, C. S., Phipps, J., & Maitland, G. (2006). Hydration of tricalcium aluminate (C3A) in the presence and absence of gypsum—Studied by Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 16(13), 1263-1272. https://doi.org/10.1039/b509904h10.1039/b509904h ↗
10. 10) Bogas, J. A., Real, S., Carriço, A., Abrantes, J. C. C., & Guedes, M. (2022). Hydration and phase development of recycled cement. Cement and Concrete Composites, 127, 104405. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.10440510.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104405 ↗
11. 11) Bruice, P. Y. (2007). Organic chemistry. (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
12. 12) Cao, X., Deng, P., Hu, S., Ren, L., Li, X., Xiao, P., & Liu, Y. (2018). Fabrication and characterization of nanoenergetic hollow spherical hexanitrostibene (HNS) derivatives. Nanomaterials, 8(5), 336. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano805033610.3390/nano8050336 ↗
13. 13) Caplow, M. (1968). Kinetics of carbamate formation and breakdown. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 90(24), 6795-6803. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01026a04110.1021/ja01026a041 ↗
14. 14) Chen, B., Horgnies, M., Huet, B., Morin, V., & Johannes, K. (2020). Comparative kinetics study on carbonation of ettringite and meta-ettringite based materials. Cement and Concrete Research, 137, 106209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.10620910.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106209 ↗
15. 15) Closmann, F., Nguyen, T., & Rochelle, G. T. (2009). MDEA/Piperazine as a solvent for CO2 capture. Energy Procedia, 1(1), 1351-1357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.17710.1016/j.egypro.2009.01.177 ↗
16. 16) Daly, N. J., & Ziolkowski, F. (1972). The thermal decompositions of carbamates. II. Methyl N-methylcarbamate. Australian Journal of Chemistry, 25(7), 1453-1458. https://doi.org/10.1071/CH972145310.1071/CH9721453 ↗
17. 17) Derks, P. W. J., Kleingeld, T., van Aken, C., Hogendoorn, J. A., & Versteeg, G. F. (2006). Kinetics of absorption of carbon dioxide in aqueous piperazine solutions. Chemical Engineering Science, 61(20), 6837-6854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2006.07.00910.1016/j.ces.2006.07.009 ↗
18. 18) Du, Y. P., Chang, H. H., Yang, S. Y., Huang, S. J., Tsai, Y. J., Huang, J. J. T., & Chan, J. C. C. (2016). Study of binding interaction between Pif80 protein fragment and aragonite. Scientific Reports, 6, 30883. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep3088310.1038/srep30883 ↗
19. 19) Ermatchkov, V., Pérez-Salado Kamps, Á., Speyer, D., & Maurer, G. (2006). Solubility of carbon dioxide in aqueous solutions of piperazine in the low gas loading region. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 51(5), 1788-1796. https://doi.org/10.1021/je060191710.1021/je0601917 ↗
20. 20) Ferreira, A. M., Vikulina, A. S., & Volodkin, D. (2020). CaCO3 crystals as versatile carriers for controlled delivery of antimicrobials. Journal of Controlled Release, 328, 470-489. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.06110.1016/j.jconrel.2020.08.061 ↗
21. 21) Gartner, E., & Myers, D. (1993). Influence of tertiary alkanolamines on Portland cement hydration. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 76(6), 1521-1530. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb03934.x10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb03934.x ↗
22. 22) Gordesli, F. P., Ume, C. S., & Alper, E. (2013). Mechanism and kinetics of carbon dioxide capture using activated 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 45(9), 566-573. https://doi.org/10.1002/kin.2078710.1002/kin.20787 ↗
23. 23) Guo, R. T., Li, G. Y., Liu, Y., & Pan, W. G. (2023). Recent progress on CO2 capture based on sterically hindered amines: A review. Energy and Fuels, 37(20), 15429-15452. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c0243810.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c02438 ↗
24. 24) Hamborg, E. S., & Versteeg, G. F. (2009). Dissociation constants and thermodynamic properties of amines and alkanolamines from (293 to 353) K. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 54(4), 1318-1328. https://doi.org/10.1021/je800897v10.1021/je800897v ↗
25. 25) Han, S. H., Jun, Y., & Kim, J. H. (2023). The use of monoethanolamine CO2 solvent for the CO2 curing of cement-based materials. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 35, e00559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susmat.2022.e0055910.1016/j.susmat.2022.e00559 ↗
26. 26) Haschke, J. M., & Wendlandt, W. W. (1965). The thermal decomposition of metal ethylenediamine oxalate complexes. Analytica Chimica Acta, 32, 386-393. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000326700088957610.1016/S0003-2670(00)88957-6 ↗
27. 27) Hikita, H., Asai, S., Ishikawa, H., & Honda, M. (1977). The kinetics of reactions of carbon dioxide with monoisopropanolamine, diglycolamine and ethylenediamine by a rapid mixing method. The Chemical Engineering Journal, 14(1), 27-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0300-9467(77)80019-110.1016/0300-9467(77)80019-1 ↗
28. 28) Huang, Y., Zheng, X., Wei, Y., He, Q., Yan, S., & Ji, L. (2022). Protonated amines mediated CO2 mineralization of coal fly ash and polymorph selection of CaCO3. Chemical Engineering Journal, 450, 138121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.13812110.1016/j.cej.2022.138121 ↗
29. 29) Idris, Z., & Eimer, D. A. (2014). Representation of CO2 absorption in sterically hindered amines. Energy Procedia, 51, 247-252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.02810.1016/j.egypro.2014.07.028 ↗
30. 30) Jung, J., Jeong, Y. S., Lim, Y., Lee, C. S., & Han, C. (2013). Advanced CO2 capture process using MEA scrubbing: Configuration of a split flow and phase separation heat exchanger. Energy Procedia, 37, 1778-1784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.05410.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.054 ↗
31. 31) Jung, S., Kang, H., Kang, S. H., & Moon, J. (2023). Alkanolamine-based chemically enhanced hydration reaction of ordinary Portland cement. Construction and Building Materials, 409, 134045. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.13404510.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.134045 ↗
32. 32) Kamali, S., Moranville, M., & Leclercq, S. (2008). Material and environmental parameter effects on the leaching of cement pastes: Experiments and modelling. Cement and Concrete Research, 38(4), 575-585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.10.00910.1016/j.cemconres.2007.10.009 ↗
33. 33) Kang, D., Park, S., Jo, H., & Park, J. (2014). Carbon fixation using calcium oxide by an aqueous approach at moderate conditions. Chemical Engineering Journal, 248, 200-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.03.04510.1016/j.cej.2014.03.045 ↗
34. 34) Katchalski, E., Berliner-Klibanski, C., & Berger, A. (1951). The chemical structure of some diamine carbamates. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 73(4), 1829-1831. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01148a12410.1021/ja01148a124 ↗
35. 35) Kim, I., & Svendsen, H. F. (2007). Heat of absorption of carbon dioxide (CO2) in monoethanolamine (MEA) and 2-(aminoethyl)ethanolamine (AEEA) solutions. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 46(17), 5803-5809. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie061648910.1021/ie0616489 ↗
36. 36) Kitagaki, R., Wu, T., Pan, D., & Saito, R. (2024). Screening method for amines promoting carbonation of calcium hydroxide in suspension solutions. Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute, 46, 1489-1494. (in Japanese)
37. 37) Kopitha, K., Elakneswaran, Y., Kitagaki, R., Saito, R., Tsujino, M., Nishida, A., Senboku, H., & Hiroyoshi, N. (2023). N-methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) as an effective CO2 absorbent for direct air capture (DAC) in cement-based materials. Chemical Engineering Journal, 475, 146067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2023.14606710.1016/j.cej.2023.146067 ↗
38. 38) Kopitha, K., Elakneswaran, Y., Kitagaki, R., Saito, R., Yano, K., Yoda, Y., Tsujino, M., Nishida, A., Senboku, H., Fushimi, K., & Sakairi, M. (2024). Enhancing CO2 capture in cement-based materials with alkanolamines: A comprehensive study on efficiency, phase-specific impact, and carbonation mechanisms. Science of the Total Environment, 957, 177463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.17746310.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.177463 ↗
39. 39) Li, C., Zhao, T., Yang, A., & Liu, F. (2021). Highly efficient absorption of CO2 by protic ionic liquids-amine blends at high temperatures. ACS Omega, 6(49), 34027-34034. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c0541610.1021/acsomega.1c05416 ↗
40. 40) Li, J., Henni, A., & Tontiwachwuthikul, P. (2007). Reaction kinetics of CO2 in aqueous ethylenediamine, ethyl ethanolamine, and diethyl monoethanolamine solutions in the temperature range of 298-313 K, using the stopped-flow technique. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 46(13), 4426-4434. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie061498210.1021/ie0614982 ↗
41. 41) Li, L., Voice, A. K., Li, H., Namjoshi, O., Nguyen, T., Du, Y., & Rochelle, G. T. (2013). Amine blends using concentrated piperazine. Energy Procedia, 37, 353-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.12110.1016/j.egypro.2013.05.121 ↗
42. 42) Lin, C. C., Lin, Y. H., & Tan, C. S. (2010). Evaluation of alkanolamine solutions for carbon dioxide removal in cross-flow rotating packed beds. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 175(1-3), 344-351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.00910.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.009 ↗
43. 43) Littel, R. J., Bos, M., & Knoop, G. J. (1990a). Dissociation constants of some alkanolamines at 293, 303, 318, and 333 K. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 35(3), 276-277.10.1021/je00061a014 ↗
44. 44) Littel, R. J., Van Swaaij, W. P. M., & Versteeg, G. F. (1990b). Kinetics of carbon dioxide with tertiary amines in aqueous solution. AIChE Journal, 36(11), 1633-1640.10.1002/aic.690361103 ↗
45. 45) Lothenbach, B., Durdziński, P., & Weerdt, K. De. (2018). Thermogravimetric analysis. In: K. Scrivener, R. Snellings, & B. Lothenbach, Eds. A practical guide to microstructural analysis of cementitious materials. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 177-211.
46. 46) Lv, B., Guo, B., Zhou, Z., & Jing, G. (2015). Mechanisms of CO2 capture into monoethanolamine solution with different CO2 loading during the absorption/desorption processes. Environmental Science and Technology, 49(17), 10728-10735. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5b0235610.1021/acs.est.5b02356 ↗
47. 47) Maneeintr, K., Photien, K., & Charinpanitkul, T. (2018). Mixture of MEA/2−MAE for effective CO2 capture from flue gas stream. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 63, 229-234. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1863039
48. 48) Mehdizadeh, H., Gupta, M., Da Silva, E. F., & Svendsen, H. F. (2013). Representation of piperazine-CO2−H2O system using extended-UNIQUAC and computational chemistry. Energy Procedia, 37, 1871-1880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.06710.1016/j.egypro.2013.06.067 ↗
49. 49) Mehdizadeh, H., Jia, X., Mo, K. H., & Ling, T. C. (2021). Effect of water-to-cement ratio induced hydration on the accelerated carbonation of cement pastes. Environmental Pollution, 280, 116914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2021.11691410.1016/j.envpol.2021.116914 ↗
50. 50) Melnikov, S. M., & Stein, M. (2019). The effect of CO2 loading on alkanolamine absorbents in aqueous solutions. Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 21(33), 18386-18392. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9cp03976g10.1039/C9CP03976G ↗
51. 51) Mohammadian, E., Hadavimoghaddam, F., Kheirollahi, M., Jafari, M., Chenlu, X., & Liu, B. (2023). Probing solubility and pH of CO2 in aqueous solutions: Implications for CO2 injection into oceans. Journal of CO2 Utilization, 71, 102463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2023.10246310.1016/j.jcou.2023.102463 ↗
52. 52) Molina, C. T., & Bouallou, C. (2013). Kinetics study and simulation of CO2 absorption into mixed aqueous solutions of methyldiethanolamine and diethanolamine. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 35, 319-324. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1335053
53. 53) Natkunarajah, K., Masilamani, K., Maheswaran, S., Lothenbach, B., Amarasinghe, D. A. S., & Attygalle, D. (2022). Analysis of the trend of pH changes of concrete pore solution during the hydration by various analytical methods. Cement and Concrete Research, 156, 106780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2022.10678010.1016/j.cemconres.2022.106780 ↗
54. 54) Noroozi, J., & Smith, W. R. (2020). Prediction of alkanolamine pKa values by combined molecular dynamics free energy simulations and ab initio calculations. Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, 65(3), 1358-1368. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jced.9b0092710.1021/acs.jced.9b00927 ↗
55. 55) Ohno, K., Inoue, Y., Yoshida, H., & Matsuura, H. (1999). Reaction of aqueous 2-(N-methylamino)ethanol solutions with carbon dioxide: Chemical species and their conformations studied by vibrational spectroscopy and ab initio theories. Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 103(21), 4283-4292. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp984821q10.1021/jp984821q ↗
56. 56) Pandey, D., & Mondal, M. K. (2020). Equilibrium CO2 solubility in the aqueous mixture of MAE and AEEA: Experimental study and development of modified thermodynamic model. Fluid Phase Equilibria, 522, 112766. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fluid.2020.11276610.1016/j.fluid.2020.112766 ↗
57. 57) Penders-van Elk, N. J. M. C., Fradette, S., & Versteeg, G. F. (2015). Effect of pKa on the kinetics of carbon dioxide absorption in aqueous alkanolamine solutions containing carbonic anhydrase at 298 K. Chemical Engineering Journal, 259, 682-691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.08.00110.1016/j.cej.2014.08.001 ↗
58. 58) Peter, M. A., Muntean, A., Meier, S. A., & Böhm, M. (2008). Competition of several carbonation reactions in concrete: A parametric study. Cement and Concrete Research, 38(12), 1385-1393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2008.09.00310.1016/j.cemconres.2008.09.003 ↗
59. 59) Prabhumirashi, L. S., Natu, G. N., & Nayak, S. R. (1989). Thermal analysis of ethylenediamine complexes of Ni(II) chloride. Journal of Thermal Analysis, 35, 1105-1110.10.1007/BF01913027 ↗
60. 60) Saeki, N., Cheng, L., Kurihara, R., Ohkubo, T., Teramoto, A., Suda, Y., Kitagaki, R., & Maruyama, I. (2024). Natural carbonation process in cement paste particles in different relative humidities. Cement and Concrete Composites, 146, 105400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2023.10540010.1016/j.cemconcomp.2023.105400 ↗
61. 61) Sartorl, G., & Savage, D. W. (1983). Sterically hindered amines for CO2 removal from gases. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Fundamentals, 22(2), 239-249. https://doi.org/10.1021/i100010a01610.1021/i100010a016 ↗
62. 62) Šavija, B., & Luković, M. (2016). Carbonation of cement paste: Understanding, challenges, and opportunities. Construction and Building Materials, 117, 285-301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.13810.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.138 ↗
63. 63) Shi, H., Huang, M., Huang, Y., Cui, M., & Idem, R. (2019). CO2 absorption efficiency of various MEA−DEA blend with aid of CaCO3 and MgCO3 in a batch and semi-batch processes. Separation and Purification Technology, 220, 102-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2019.03.04810.1016/j.seppur.2019.03.048 ↗
64. 64) Snellings, R. (2018). X-ray powder diffraction applied to cement. In: K. Scrivener, R. Snellings, & B. Lothenbach, Eds. A practical guide to microstructural analysis of cementitious materials. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press, 107-176.
65. 65) Steiner, S., Lothenbach, B., Proske, T., Borgschulte, A., & Winnefeld, F. (2020). Effect of relative humidity on the carbonation rate of portlandite, calcium silicate hydrates and ettringite. Cement and Concrete Research, 135, 106116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2020.10611610.1016/j.cemconres.2020.106116 ↗
66. 66) Suyama, K., Nakao, S., & Shirai, M. (2005). Thermally stable carbamates as novel photobase generator. Journal of Photopolymer Science and Technology, 18, 141-148.10.2494/photopolymer.18.141 ↗
67. 67) Ullah, S., Suleman, H., Tahir, M. S., Sagir, M., Muhammad, S., Al-Sehemi, A. G., Zafar, M. R., Kareem, F. A. A., Maulud, A. S., & Bustam, M. A. (2019). Reactive kinetics of carbon dioxide loaded aqueous blend of 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol and piperazine using a pressure drop method. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 51(4), 291-298. https://doi.org/10.1002/kin.2125210.1002/kin.21252 ↗
68. 68) Uma Maheswari, A., & Palanivelu, K. (2015). Carbon dioxide capture and utilization by alkanolamines in deep eutectic solvent medium. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, 54(45), 11383-11392. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.5b0181810.1021/acs.iecr.5b01818 ↗
69. 69) Ume, C. S., Alper, E., & Gordesli, F. P. (2013). Kinetics of carbon dioxide reaction with aqueous mixture of piperazine and 2-amino-2-ethyl-1,3-propanediol. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 45(3), 161-167. https://doi.org/10.1002/kin.2075210.1002/kin.20752 ↗
70. 70) Versteeg, G. F., & Van Swaaij, W. P. M. (1988). On the kinetics between CO2 and alkanolamines both in aqueous and non-aqueous solutions—I. Primary and secondary amines. Chemical Engineering Science, 43(3), 573-585.10.1016/0009-2509(88)87017-9 ↗
71. 71) Winnefeld, F., Leemann, A., German, A., & Lothenbach, B. (2022). CO2 storage in cement and concrete by mineral carbonation. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry, 38, 100672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsc.2022.10067210.1016/j.cogsc.2022.100672 ↗
72. 72) Xiao, S., Liu, H., Gao, H., Xiao, M., Luo, X., Idem, R., Tontiwachwuthikul, P., & Liang, Z. (2017). Kinetics and mechanism study of homogeneous reaction of CO2 and blends of diethanolamine and monoethanolamine using the stopped-flow technique. Chemical Engineering Journal, 316, 592-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.01.10010.1016/j.cej.2017.01.100 ↗
73. 73) Zhai, Q., Kurumisawa, K., Moon, J., & Hwang, I. H. (2024). Advances in understanding the effect of alkanolamine in cement-based materials. Journal of Cleaner Production, 452, 142167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.14216710.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142167 ↗