Xiao‐Ban‐Xia Decoction Alleviates Chemotherapy‐Induced Nausea and Vomiting by Inhibiting Ferroptosis via Activation of The Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 Pathway

Abstract Chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) represents the common gastrointestinal side effect for cancer patients. Xiao‐Ban‐Xia decoction (XBXD), a classical anti‐emetic traditional Chinese medicine formula, is frequently used for the clinical treatment of CINV. This study used a cisplatin‐induced rat pica model to explore whether the anti‐emetic mechanism of XBXD in treating CINV is related to ferroptosis. The inflammatory damage of the gastrointestinal tract is evaluated by HE staining and ELISA. The degree of ferroptosis are validated by the iron deposition, the levels of ROS, MDA, and GSH, and the ultrastructure of mitochondria in the gastric antrum and ileum. The potential ferroptosis‐related targets of XBXD against CINV are screened by network pharmacology and further assessed by Western blot. XBXD significantly decreased the kaolin consumption in rats, and improved the inflammatory pathological damage, with decreased levels of HMGB1, IL‐1β, and TNF‐α. Furthermore, XBXD significantly suppressed ferroptosis, as indicated by the improvement of iron deposition, mitochondrial abnormalities, and oxidative stress. The network pharmacology and Western blot results indicated that XBXD activated the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway. This study proved that XBXD activates the Nrf2/SLC7A11/GPX4 signaling pathway, thereby inhibiting ferroptosis, which represents a critical anti‐emetic mechanism of XBXD in combatting CINV.