Effect of Chloride and Sulfate in the Immobilization of Cs-137 in C-S-H Gel
Source abstract
Abstract
Cementitious materials are commonly used in nuclear repository sites to immobilize intermediate-level radioactive wastes. This is due to the large surface area of the calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) gel, the main hydration product of ordinary Portland cement, which provides many sorption sites in which the contaminants can be adsorbed. The retention capacity of these materials is strongly dependent on the composition, the water content, the pH or the presence of additives. Likewise, it is also known that the durability and performance of cement and concrete are adversely affected in chloride and/or sulfate environments. In this work, atomistic simulations have been employed to analyze the effect of the presence of chlorides and sulfates in the retention and transport of 137Cs, one of the most hazardous radioisotopes, in calcium silicate hydrate. The simulations suggest that the presence of a moderate amount of chlorides does not alter significantly the Cs uptake in C-S-H gel, while a moderate content of sulfates enhances substantially the retention of Cs ions and reduces their migration throughout the pore. This behavior is attributed to the ability of the sulfates to pull Ca out the high-affinity sites from the C-S-H surface, allowing Cs ions to occupy them.
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Research context
OpenAlex topics: Chemical Synthesis and Characterization · Nuclear materials and radiation effects · Radioactive element chemistry and processing
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Aptdo. 664, 48080, Bilbao, Spain.
Fukushima Branch, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Miharu, Tamura, Fukushima, 963-7700, Japan.
Department of Physics, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Aptdo. 664, Bilbao, Spain.
References (77)
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