Relationship between Nonlinear Creep and Cracking of Concrete under Uniaxial Compression
Source abstract
Abstract
This paper investigates the nonlinear creep behaviour of concrete in compression and its relationship with cracking under uniaxial compression (cracks developing parallel to the loading direction). A physical model explaining the nature and the role of linear and nonlinear creep strains is presented, together with a failure criterion for concrete under sustained loads.The model assumes that all nonlinear creep strains are due to concrete micro-cracking. The soundness of this assumption is checked against the experimental results obtained by the authors and by other researchers. The proposed model is shown to fit quite well the experimental results, for various load patterns and concrete ages.The model also proves that the affinity hypothesis between linear and nonlinear creep strains (usually taken for granted in the design for stress levels below 70% of concrete strength in compression) is no longer valid when concrete fails under a sustained load, because of the unstable growth of cracking. Concrete response in these cases is analyzed in detail and a simplified but realistic approach for the evaluation of the failure envelope in compression is proposed.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Concrete Properties and Behavior · Structural Behavior of Reinforced Concrete · Rock Mechanics and Modeling
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland.
Politecnico di Milano, Italy.
References (19)
Show source-provided references
1. Avram, C., Facaoaru, I., Filimon, I., Mirsu, O. and Tertea, I. (1981). “Concrete strength and strain.” Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, Amsterdam -Oxford - New York, 558 p.
2. Barpi, F. and Valente, S. (2002). “Creep and fracture in concrete: a fractional order rate approach.” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 70, 611-623.10.1016/S0013-7944(02)00041-3 ↗
3. Barpi, F. and Valente, S. (2005). “Lifetime evaluation of concrete structures under sustained post-peak loading.” Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 72, 2427-2443.10.1016/j.engfracmech.2005.03.010 ↗
4. Bazant, Z. P. and Gettu, R. (1992). “Rate effects and load relaxation in static fracture of concrete.” ACI Materials Journal, 89 (5), 456-468.
5. Bazant, Z. P. and Li, Y-N. (1997a). “Cohesive crack with rate-dependent opening and viscoelasticity: I. mathematical model and scaling.” International Journal of Fracture, 86, 247-265.10.1023/A:1007486221395 ↗
6. Bazant, Z. P. and Li, Y-N. (1997b). “Cohesive crack with rate-dependent opening and viscoelasticity: II. Numerical algorithm, behavior and size effect.” International Journal of Fracture, 86, 267-288.10.1023/A:1007497104557 ↗
7. CEB-FIP (1993). “Model code for concrete structures.” Comité Euro-International du Béton, Lausanne, Switzerland, Thomas Telford Ltd., London, 460 p.
8. El-Kashif, K. F. and Maekawa, K. (2004). “Time-dependent nonlinearity of compression softening in concrete.” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 2 (2), 233-247.10.3151/jact.2.233 ↗
9. Fernández Ruiz, M. (2003). “Nonlinear analysis of the structural effects of the delayed strains of steel and concrete.” (in Spanish, “Evaluación no lineal de los efectos estructurales producidos por las deformaciones diferidas del hormigón y el acero”), PhD. Thesis, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ed. ACHE, Madrid, Spain, 175 p.
10. Fernández Ruiz, M., Del Pozo Vindel, F. J. and Arrieta Torrealba, J. M. (2004). “Nonlinear creep of concrete. analytical modelling and agreement with test results and previous theoretical models.” (in Spanish, Estudio sobre el comportamiento no lineal de la fluencia. Propuesta de modelo y comparación con resultados experimentales y modelos teóricos), Hormigón y Acero, 231, Madrid, Spain, 75-86.
11. Fouré B. (1985). “Long-term strength of concrete under sustained loading.” (in French, Résistance potentielle à long terme du béton soumis à une contrainte soutenue), Annales de l'Institut Technique du Bâtiment et des Travaux Publics, 431, Paris, France, 45-64.
12. Maekawa, K. and El-Kashif, K. F. (2004). “Cyclic cumulative damaging of reinforced concrete in post-peak regions.” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 2 (2), 257-271.10.3151/jact.2.257 ↗
13. Mazzotti, C. and Savoia, M. (2003). “Nonlinear creep damage model for concrete under uniaxial compression.” ASCE, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 129 (9), 1065-1075.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2003)129:9(1065) ↗
14. Neville, A. M. (1970). “Creep of concrete: Plain, reinforced and prestressed.” Noth-Holland, Amsterdam, 622 p.
15. Pfanner, D., Stangenberg, F. and Petryna, Y. S. (2001). “Probabilistic fatigue damage model for reinforced concrete.” Institute for reinforced and prestressed concrete structures, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, 8 p.
16. Qingbin, L., Peiyin, L. and Lixiang, Z. (2004). “Damage degradation of concrete due to compressive fatigue loading.” Key Engineering materials, 274-276, 123-128.
17. Rüsch, H. (1960). “Research toward a general flexural theory for structural concrete.” ACI Journal, 57 (1), 1-28.
18. Shah, S. P. and Chandra, S. (1970). “Fracture of concrete subjected to cyclic and sustained loading.” ACI Journal, 67 (10), 816-825.
19. van Zijl, G. P. A. G., Borst, R. and Rots, J. G. (2001). “The role of crack rate dependence in the long-term behaviour of cementitious materials.” International Journal of Solids and Structures, 38, 5063-5079.10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00338-3 ↗