Show source-provided references
1. 1) AEC, (2007). “Basic approach to safety regulations for low-level radioactive waste disposal (Interim report).” Tokyo: Japan Atomic Energy Commission. (in Japanese)
2. 2) Akiyama, T., Niwase, K., Hirakawa, Y., Watanabe, K., Yokozeki, K., Ashizawa, R. and Toida, M., (2005). “Applicability of technique for controlling calcium leaching and cracks of concrete.” In: Proceedings of the Internationnal Workshop: Mechanisms and modelling of waste/cement interactions, Meiringen, Switzerland 8-12 May 2005. Dübendorf, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology.
3. 3) Akiyama, Y., Terada, K., Oda, N., Yada, T. and Nakajima, T., (2011). “Current status of the demonstration test of undergrand cavern-type disposal facilities.” In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE-19), Osaka 24-25 October 2011. Tokyo: Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers.
10.1299/jsmeicone.2011.19._ICONE1943_57 ↗4. 4) ANRE, (2021). “Radioactive waste: Classification and generation of radioactive wastes [online].” Tokyo, Agency for Natural Resources and Energy. Available from: Accessed 9 August 2021. (in Japanese)
5. 5) Cau Dit Coumes, C., Courtois, S., Nectoux, D., Leclercq, S. and Bourbon, X., (2006). “Formulating a low-alkalinity, high-resistance and low-heat concrete for radioactive waste repositories.” Cement and Concrete Research, 36(12), 2152-2163.
10.1016/j.cemconres.2006.10.005 ↗6. 6) Davidovits, J., (1994). “Recent progresses in concretes for nuclear waste and uranium waste containment.” Concrete International, 16(12), 53-58.
7. 7) Faucon, P., Adenot, F., Jacquinot, J. F., Petit, J. C., Cabrillac, R. and Jorda, M., (1998). “Long-term behaviour of cement pastes used for nuclear waste disposal: Review of physico-chemical mechanisms of water degradation.” Cement and Concrete Research, 28(6), 847-857.
10.1016/S0008-8846(98)00053-2 ↗8. 8) Garboczi, E. J. and Bentz, D. P., (1992). “Computer-simulation of the diffusivity of cement-based materials.” Journal of Materials Science, 27(8), 2083-2092.
10.1007/BF01117921 ↗9. 9) Gaucher, E. C. and Blanc, P., (2006). “Cement/clay interactions - A review: Experiments, natural analogues, and modeling.” Waste Management, 26(7), 776-788.
10.1016/j.wasman.2006.01.027 ↗10. 10) Gaucher, E. C., Tournassat, C., Pearson, F. J., Blanc, P., Crouzet, C., Lerouge, C. and Altmann, S., (2009). “A robust model for pore-water chemistry of clayrock.” Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 73(21), 6470-6487.
10.1016/j.gca.2009.07.021 ↗11. 11) Glasser, F. and Atkins, M., (1994). “Cements in radioactive waste disposal.” MRS Bulletin, 19(12), 33-38.
10.1557/S0883769400048673 ↗12. 12) IAEA, (2009). “Classification of radioactive waste (IAEA Safety Standards Series, General Safety Guide GSG-1).” Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency.
13. 13) IAEA, (2011). “Disposal of radioactive waste (IAEA Safety Standards Series, Specific Safety Requirements SSR-5).” Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency.
14. 14) IAEA, (2020). “Design principles and approaches for radioactive waste repositories (IAEA Nuclear Energy Series NW-T-1.27).” Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency.
15. 15) ICRP, (2013). “Radiological protection in geological disposal of long-lived solid radioactive waste (ICRP Publication 122).” London: SAGE Pulications Ltd.
16. 16) Irie, K., (2002). “Current situation and problems of energy-related radioactive waste regulation.” Japanese Journal of Health Physics, 37(2), 108-117. (in Japanese)
10.5453/jhps.37.108 ↗17. 17) JAEA-FEPC, (2007). “Second progress report on research and development for TRU waste disposal in Japan (JAEA-Review 2007-010/FEPC-TRU-TR2-2005-02).” Tokai-mura, Ibaraki: Japan Atomic Energy Agency, and Tokyo: Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan. (in Japanese)
18. 18) JAERO, (2019). “Nuclear and energy drawing collection - Amount of waste generated in Japan [online].” Tokyo, Japan Atomic Energy Relations Organization. Available from: [Accessed 3 August 2021]. (in Japanese)
19. 19) JNC, (1999). “Technical reliability on geological disposal of HLW in Japan, Second progress report on research and development for the geological disposal of HLW in Japan (JNC TN1400 99-020).” Tokai-mura, Ibaraki: Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute. (in Japanese)
20. 20) JNC-FEPC, (2005). “Second progress report on disposal concept for TRU waste in Japan (JNC TY1400 2005-13/FEPC TRU-TR2-2005-02).” Tokai-mura, Ibaraki: Japan Nuclear Cycle Development Institute, and Tokyo: The Federation of Electric Power Companies. (in Japanese)
21. 21) JNFL, (2018). “Outline of the extension of the No. 3 waste disposal facility and outline of the changes to the No. 1 and No. 2 waste disposal facilities in Rokkasho Low-Level Radioactive Waste Disposal Center.” Rokkasho, Aomori: Japan Nuclear Fuel Limited. (in Japanese)
22. 22) JSCE, (2008). “Approaches for setting parameters for radionuclide migration assessment for groundwater scenarios in safety assessment of disposal at intermediate depth (Report of the Committee of Civil Engineering for Energy Equipment).” Tokyo: Japan Sociey of Civil Engineers. (in Japanese)
23. 23) Kato, K., Waki, T., Saito, N., Ono, F., Oma, T. and Ozaki, M., (2006). “Current status of the sub-surface disposal facility development.” Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Environment, 13(1), 49-64. (in Japanese)
24. 24) Komine, H. and Ogata, N., (1996). “Prediction for swelling characteristics of compacted bentonite.” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 33(1), 11-22.
10.1139/t96-021 ↗25. 25) Koťátková, J., Zatloukal, J., Reiterman, P. and Kolář, K., (2017). “Concrete and cement composites used for radioactive waste deposition.” Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 178-179, 147-155.
10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.08.012 ↗26. 26) Kudou, S., Yanokura, H., Maruya, T. and Tsuji, Y., (2015). “Evolution of crack control technology in reinforced concrete side walls of near surface disposal facilities.” Concrete Journal, 53(6), 535-541. (in Japanese)
10.3151/coj.53.535 ↗27. 27) Kurumisawa, K., Haga, K., Shibata, M. and Hayashi, D., (2021). “Effect of calcium leaching on diffusivity of blended cement paste and mortar.” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 19(5), 426-432.
10.3151/jact.19.426 ↗28. 28) Lang-Lenton León, J., (2001). “Radioactive waste management and sustainable development.” NEA News, 19(1), 18-20.
29. 29) Metcalfe, R. and Walker, C., (2004). “Proceedings of the international workshop on bentonite-cement interaction in repository environments (NUMO-TR-04-05).” Tokyo: Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan.
30. 30) Miyasaka, Y., Watanabe, M., Tanaka, M., Nakamura, T., Shimizu, Y., Tachibana, M., Ozawa, K., Hatayama, M., Ito, S., Yoshimori, M., Tomii, H., Nakamura, K., Yanagihara, T., Shiraishi, I. and Fujiki, K., (1996). “Results and outline of JPDR dismantling demonstration project.” Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, 38(7), 553-576. (in Japanese)
10.3327/jaesj.38.553 ↗31. 31) Nakarai, K., Ishida, T. and Maekawa, K., (2006). “Multi-scale physicochemical modeling of soil-cementitious material interaction.” Soils and Foundations, 46(5), 653-663.
10.3208/sandf.46.653 ↗32. 32) Nakarai, K., Shibata, M., Sakamoto, H., Owada, H. and Kosakowski, G., (2021a). “Calcite precipitation at cement–bentonite interface. Part 1: Effect of carbonate admixture in bentonite.” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 19(5), 433-446.
10.3151/jact.19.433 ↗33. 33) Nakarai, K., Watanabe, M., Koibuchi, K. and Kosakowski, G., (2021b). “Calcite precipitation at cement–bentonite interface. Part 2: Acceleration of transport by an electrical gradient.” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 19(5), 447-461.
10.3151/jact.19.447 ↗34. 34) Niwase, K., Sugihashi, N. and Tsuji, Y., (2010a). “Materials and proportion's design of self-compacting mortar used for low diffusion layer in sub-surface radioactive waste disposal facility in Japan.” Concrete Research and Technology, 21(3), 43-51. (in Japanese)
35. 35) Niwase, K., Sugihashi, N. and Tsuji, Y., (2010b). “Required initial performance of low diffusion layer in sub-surface radioactive waste disposal facilities after carry in out a full-size model test.” Concrete Research and Technology, 21(3), 53-62. (in Japanese)
36. 36) Niwase, K., Tsukinaga, Y. and Tsuji, Y., (2012). “Basic study on the design and construction of cementitious materials used for the low-level radioactive waste disposal.” Concrete Journal, 50(7), 585-592. (in Japanese)
10.3151/coj.50.585 ↗37. 37) NRA, (2018). “National Report of Japan.” In: Reports of the Sixth Review Meeting of the Joint Convention on the Safety of Spent Fuel Management and on the Safety of Radioactive Waste Management, Vienna 21 May - 1 June 2018. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency.
38. 38) NUMO, (2020). “Realization of safe geological disposal of high-level radioactive waste and TRU waste in Japan - Development of a safety case for the selection of an appropriate site (NUMO-TR-20-02).” Tokyo: Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan. (in Japanese)
39. 39) OECD/NEA, (2000). “Features, events and processes (FEPs) for geologic disposal of radioactive waste: An international database.” Paris: OECD Nuclear Energy Agency.
40. 40) OECD/NEA, (2003). “Engineered barrier systems and the safety of deep geological repositories: State-of-the-art report.” Paris: OECD Nuclear Energy Agency.
41. 41) Perko, J., Mayer, K. U., Kosakowski, G., De Windt, L., Govaerts, J., Jacques, D., Su, D. and Meeussen, J. C. L., (2015). “Decalcification of cracked cement structures.” Computational Geosciences, 19(3), 673-693.
10.1007/s10596-014-9467-2 ↗42. 42) Picandet, V., Khelidj, A. and Bellegou, H., (2009). “Crack effects on gas and water permeability of concretes.” Cement and Concrete Research, 39(6), 537-547.
10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.03.009 ↗44. 44) RWMC, (2013). “Report on controlled disposal technology research project: performance verification tests of underground vault disposal facilities (FY2012).” Radioactive Waste Management Funding and Research Center. (in Japanese)
45. 45) RWMC, (2020). “Final report on controlled disposal technology research project: performance verification tests of underground vault disposal facilities (FY2015-FY2019).” Radioactive Waste Management Funding and Research Center. (in Japanese)
46. 46) Sakabe, Y., (1997). “Design concept and its development for the Rokkasho low level radioactive waste disposal centre.” In: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Experience in the Planning and Operation of Low Level Waste Disposal Facilities, Vienna 17-21 June 1996. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, Paper No. IAEA-SM-341/72.
47. 47) Sjoeblom, K.-L. and Linsley, G., (1994). “Sea disposal of radioactive wastes: The London Convention 1972.” IAEA Bulletin, 36(2), 12-16.
48. 48) SKB, (1990). “GMM - A general microstructural model for qualitative and quantitative studies of smectite clays (SKB Technical Report 90-43).” Evenemangsgatan, Solna: Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB (Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company).
49. 49) SKB, (2011). “Long-term safety for the final repository for spent nuclear fuel at Forsmark (SKB Technical Report TR-11-01, Volume II).” Evenemangsgatan, Solna: Svensk Kärnbränslehantering AB (Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Company).
50. 50) van der Lee, J. and De Windt, L., (2001). “Present state and future directions of modeling of geochemistry in hydrogeological systems.” Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 47(2-4), 265-282.
10.1016/S0169-7722(00)00155-8 ↗51. 51) Wang, K., Jansen, D. C., Shah, S. P. and Karr, A. F., (1997). “Permeability study of cracked concrete.” Cement and Concrete Research, 27(3), 381-393.
10.1016/S0008-8846(97)00031-8 ↗52. 52) Yokota, M., Yanagihara, S., Miki, I. and Hoshi, T., (1992). “The Japan power demonstration reactor decommissioning program - Experience of nuclear power reactor dismantling.” Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 65(6), C1-C8.