Stress Self-sensitivity of Carbon Black-filled Mortar under Nondestructive Compression and the Effects of Electric Circuit and Specimen Dimensions
Source abstract
Abstract
Cement-based materials with self-sensing capabilities have the potential to be used as compression load cells in various applications. This study aims (i) to clarify the change in resistivity in self-sensing mortar (SSM) under nondestructive compressive stress and the underlying mechanism of this change, (ii) to examine the effects of different conditions such as electric circuit and specimen dimension on this relationship. The study involved SSM specimens containing 7% carbon black powder with various parameters, including excitation voltage, intermediate resistor for the electric circuit, and electrode distance, dimensions of the cube SSM specimen. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations were performed to investigate the dispersion of carbon black in the cementitious matrix. SEM observations reveal the agglomeration and dispersion of carbon black within the cementitious matrix, creating a conductive network in SSM. The measurement results showed the resistivity change was nonlinear but displayed nearly linear behavior within a specific range of compressive stress. The slope of this change increased with larger specimen cross-section, shorter electrode distance, and a smaller value for the intermediate resistor in the electric circuit. A regression analysis was conducted to predict the change in resistivity of SSM under nondestructive compressive stress, while taking these effects into account.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Smart Materials for Construction · Concrete Corrosion and Durability
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
The University of Danang, University of Science and Technology, 54 Nguyen Luong Bang, Danang city, 550000, Viet Nam.
References (47)
Show source-provided references
1. 1) Al-Mufadi, F. and Sherif, H. A., (2019). “Effect of multiwalled carbon nanotubes on sensing crack initiation and ultimate strength of cement nanocomposites.” Arab J. Sci. Eng., 44, 1403–1413.10.1007/s13369-018-3546-y ↗
2. 2) Birgin, H. B., Alessandro, A. D., Corradini, A., Simon, L. and Filippo, U., (2022). “Self-sensing asphalt composite with carbon microfibers for smart weigh-in-motion.” Mater. Struct., 55, 138.10.1617/s11527-022-01978-w ↗
3. 3) Blumenfeld, R. and Aharony, A., (1991). “Nonlinear Resistor Fractal Networks.” In: Pynn, R., Skjeltorp, A. (eds), Scaling Phenomena in Disordered Systems, Boston, Springer.10.1007/978-1-4757-1402-9_33 ↗
4. 4) Castañeda-Saldarriaga, D. L., Alvarez-Montoya, J., Martínez-Tejada, V. and Sierra-Pérez, J., (2021). “Toward structural health monitoring of civil structures based on self-sensing concrete nanocomposites: A validation in a reinforced-concrete beam.” Int. J. Concr. Struct. Mater., 15, 3.10.1186/s40069-020-00451-8 ↗
5. 5) Chanda, M., (1980). “Electrical, electronic and optical properties.” In: Science of Engineering Materials, London, Palgrave.10.1007/978-1-349-06055-9_2 ↗
6. 6) Chandresh, D., Sampatrao, M., Sushil, K. R., (2020). “Recycling of waste tire by pyrolysis to recover carbon black: Alternative & environment-friendly reinforcing filler for natural rubber compounds.” Comp. Part B: Eng., 200, 108346.10.1016/j.compositesb.2020.108346 ↗
7. 7) Chofore, A. T., Mitikie, B. B. and Haile, A. T., (2022). “Experimental investigation on bond, microstructure and durability of expired hardened cement blended with ground granulated blast furnace slag as partial replacement of cement in high-strength concrete.” Int. J. Concr. Struct. Mater., 16, 70.10.1186/s40069-022-00560-6 ↗
8. 8) Cholker, A. K., (2021). “Incorporation of smart concrete in large-scale RC beams for evaluating self-sensing and structural properties.” Arab J. Sci. Eng., 46, 10695–10710.10.1007/s13369-021-05517-7 ↗
9. 9) Chung, D. D. L., (2010). “Electrical properties.” In: Composite Materials. Engineering Materials and Processes series, London, Springer.
10. 10) Demircilioğlu, E., Teomete, E., Ozbulut, O. E. and Kahraman, S., (2022). “Cross tension and compression loading and large-scale testing of strain and damage sensing smart concrete.” Const. Build. Mater., 316 (17), 125784.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2021.125784 ↗
11. 11) Devi, K., Aggarwal, P. and Saini, B., (2020). “Admixtures used in self-compacting concrete: A review.” Iran J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Civ. Eng., 44, 377–403.10.1007/s40996-019-00244-4 ↗
12. 12) Ding, Y., Liu, G., Hussain, A., Torgal, F. P. and Zhang, Y., (2019). “Effect of steel fiber and carbon black on the self-sensing ability of concrete cracks under bending.” Const. Build. Mater., 207(20), 630-639.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.02.160 ↗
13. 13) Dong, W., Li, W., Lu, N., Qu, F., Vessalas, K. and Sheng, D., (2019). “Piezoresistive behaviours of cement-based sensor with carbon black subjected to various temperature and water content.” Comp. Part B: Eng., 178, 107488.10.1016/j.compositesb.2019.107488 ↗
14. 14) EN 12390-3, (2019). “Testing hardened concrete. Compressive strength of test specimens.” Brussels, Belgium: European Committee for Standardization (CEN).
15. 15) Earp, B., Simpson, J., Phillips, J., Grbovic, D., Vidmar, S., McCarthy, J. and Luhrs, C. C., (2019). “Electrically conductive CNT composites at loadings below theoretical percolation values.” Nanomaterials, 9, 491.10.3390/nano9040491 ↗
16. 16) Faezeh, A. and Nemkumar, B., (2012). “Cement-based sensors with carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes for piezoresistive sensing.” Cement Concr. Comp., 7, 866-873.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2012.04.007 ↗
17. 17) Feng, H., Nie, S., Guo, A., Lv, L., Chu, L. and Yu, J., (2022). “Fresh properties and compressive strength of MPC-based materials with blended mineral admixtures.” Case Studies in Constr. Mater., 17, e01201.10.1016/j.cscm.2022.e01201 ↗
18. 18) Geuntae, H., Seongcheol, C., Doo, Y. Y., Taekgeun, O., Yooseob, S. and Jung, H. Y., (2022). “Moisture dependence of electrical resistivity in under-percolated cement-based composites with multi-walled carbon nanotubes.” J. Mater. Res. Technol., 16, 47-58.10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.11.151 ↗
19. 19) Golewski, G. L., (2023). “The phenomenon of cracking in cement concretes and reinforced concrete structures: The mechanism of cracks formation, causes of their initiation, types and places of occurrence, and methods of detection—A review.” Build., 13, 765.10.3390/buildings13030765 ↗
20. 20) Han, B., Zhang, L. and Ou, J., (2017). “Self-sensing concrete.” In: Smart and Multifunctional Concrete Toward Sustainable Infrastructures, Singapore, Springer, 81-116.10.1007/978-981-10-4349-9_6 ↗
21. 21) Ibrahim, M. A., (2019). “Investigation the conductivity of carbon fiber composites focusing on measurement techniques under dynamic and static loads.” J. Mater. Res. Technol., 8(5), 4863-4893.10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.08.019 ↗
22. 22) Jin, A. J., Chung, K. J., Yong, H. K. and Won, S. C., (2013). “Electrochemical performance evaluation of corrosion monitoring sensor for reinforced concrete structures.” J. Adv. Concr. Technol., 11(1), 1-6.10.3151/jact.11.1 ↗
23. 23) Junbo, S., Yufei, W., Kefei, L., Xupei, Y., Binrong, Z., Jiaqing, W., Qianqian, D. and Xiangyu, W., (2022). “Molecular interfacial properties and engineering performance of conductive fillers in cementitious composites.” J. Mater. Res. Technol., 19, 591-604.10.1016/j.jmrt.2022.05.061 ↗
24. 24) Le, H. V., Kim, M. K., Kim, S. U., Chung, S. Y. and Kim, D. J., (2021). “Enhancing self-stress sensing ability of smart ultra-high performance concretes under compression by using nano functional fillers.” J. Build. Eng., 44, 102717.10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102717 ↗
25. 25) Lee, S. J., You, I., Kim, S., Shin, H. O. and Yoo, D. Y., (2022). “Self-sensing capacity of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete containing conductive powders in tension.” Cem. Concr. Comp., 125, 104331.10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2021.104331 ↗
26. 26) Lee, S. M., Lee, J. H., Nam, G., Kim, S. H., Kim, J. and Jae, S. R., (2019a). “Surface shape and pore size change in carbon blacks isothermally oxidized in air atmosphere according to burn-off ratio.” Carbon Lett., 29, 613–623.10.1007/s42823-019-00061-9 ↗
27. 27) Lee, S. Y., Le, H. V. and Kim, D. J., (2019b). “Self-stress sensing smart concrete containing fine steel slag aggregates and steel fibers under high compressive stress.” Const. Build. Mater., 220 (30), 149-160.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2019.05.197 ↗
28. 28) Li, W., Qu, F., Dong, W., Mishra, G. and Shah, S. P., (2022). “A comprehensive review on self-sensing graphene/cementitious composites: A pathway toward next-generation smart concrete.” Const. Build. Mater., 331(9), 127284.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.127284 ↗
29. 29) Ludovic, Z., Matthieu, B., Julien, B. and Yann, M., (2016). “Influence of cement matrix porosity on the triaxial behaviour of concrete.” Cement Concr. Res., 80, 52-59.10.1016/j.cemconres.2015.10.005 ↗
30. 30) Luo, H., Lin, L., Chen, K., Antwi-Afari, M. F. and Chen, L., (2022). “Digital technology for quality management in construction: A review and future research directions.” Dev. Built. Env., 12, 100087.10.1016/j.dibe.2022.100087 ↗
31. 31) Mathews, A., (1976). “Poisson's ratio changes in concrete.“ Exper. Mech., 16, 154.10.1007/BF02321111 ↗
32. 32) Minagawa, H., Miyamoto, S. and Hisada, M., (2017). “Relationship of apparent electrical resistivity measured by four-probe method with water content distribution in concrete.” J. Adv. Concr. Technol., 15(6), 278-289.10.3151/jact.15.278 ↗
33. 33) Monsberger, C. M., Lienhart, W. and Hayden, M., (2020). “Distributed fiber optic sensing along driven ductile piles: Design, sensor installation and monitoring benefits.” J. Civil Struct. Health. Monit., 10: 627–637.10.1007/s13349-020-00406-3 ↗
34. 34) Qasim, M. S., Shabbir, F., Khan, Q. Z. and Ali, R., (2022). “Investigation on self-sensing capability of different grades of carbon black in cementitious composites.” Iran J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Civ. Eng., 47, 761–774.10.1007/s40996-022-00890-1 ↗
35. 35) Qian, Z., Congqi, L., Chaoqun, Y., Yongbo, H. and Zonghui, Z., (2022). “Mechanisms of carbon black in multifunctional cement matrix: Hydration and microstructure perspectives.” Constr. Build. Mater., 346, 128455.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2022.128455 ↗
36. 36) Qiu, L., Dong, S., Yu, X. and Han, B., (2021). “Self-sensing ultra-high performance concrete for in-situ monitoring.” Sensors and Actuators A: Physical, 331, 113049.10.1016/j.sna.2021.113049 ↗
37. 37) Rajabipour, F. and Weiss, J., (2007). “Electrical conductivity of drying cement paste.” Mater. Struct., 40, 1143–1160.10.1617/s11527-006-9211-z ↗
38. 38) Rao, R. K., Sindu, B. S. and Sasmal, S., (2023). “Real-time monitoring of structures under extreme loading using smart composite-based embeddable sensors.” J. Intelligent Mater. Sys. Struct., 34(9), 1073-1096.10.1177/1045389X221128586 ↗
39. 39) Rehman, S. K. U., Ibrahim, Z., Jameel, M., Shazim, A. M., Muhammad, F. J., Muhammad, A., Kashif, M. and Sohaib, N., (2018). “Assessment of rheological and piezoresistive properties of graphene based cement composites.” Int. J. Concr. Struct. Mater., 12, 64.10.1186/s40069-018-0293-0 ↗
40. 40) Savaş, E., Serap, H. and Marva, A. B., (2017). “Self-sensing damage assessment and image-based surface crack quantification of carbon nanofibre reinforced concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 134, 520-529.10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.12.197 ↗
41. 41) Scott, D. B. and Chen, S. E., (2022). “Assessment of an axially loaded self-sensing concrete element with recycled steel residuals.” Civil Eng., 3, 643-668.10.3390/civileng3030038 ↗
42. 42) Spencer, B. F., Jo, H., Mechitov, K. A., Jian, L., Sung-Han, S., Robin, E. K., Soojin, C., Lauren, E. L., Parya, M., Ryan, K. G. and Gul, A., (2016). “Recent advances in wireless smart sensors for multi-scale monitoring and control of civil infrastructure.” J. Civil. Struct. Health. Monit., 6, 17–41.10.1007/s13349-015-0111-1 ↗
43. 43) Suo, Y., Xia, H., Guo, R. and Yang, Y., (2022). “Study on self-sensing capabilities of smart cements filled with graphene oxide under dynamic cyclic loading.” J. Build. Eng., 58, 104775.10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104775 ↗
44. 44) Taheri, S., Georgaklis, J., Am, M., Sarath, P., Andrew, B. and Shuying, W., (2022). “Smart self-sensing concrete: the use of multiscale carbon fillers.” J. Mater. Sci., 57, 2667–2682.10.1007/s10853-021-06732-1 ↗
45. 45) Xiang, M. Z., Joel R. S., Stuart, E. W. and Olayinka, O., (2012). “Effects of PFA and GGBS on early-ages engineering properties of Portland cement systems.”, J. Adv. Concr. Technol., 10(2), 74-85.10.3151/jact.10.74 ↗
46. 46) Xu, F., Zhou, J., Chang, R., Zhang, D., Wang, H. and Tian, X., (2023) “The Mechanical and self-sensing performance of reactive powder cement concrete with nano-stainless steel powder.” Coatings, 13, 1153.10.3390/coatings13071153 ↗
47. 47) Yoo, D. Y., You, I. and Lee, S. J., (2018) “Electrical and piezoresistive sensing capacities of cement paste with multi-walled carbon nanotubes.” Archiv. Civ. Mech. Eng., 18, 371–384.10.1016/j.acme.2017.09.007 ↗