journal article·2024-07-24Open access

Influence of Rebar Strength, Pre-treatment, and Measurement Method on Residual Stress Measurement using Portable X-ray Diffractometer

Ryohei Yanagida, Saiji Fukada, Toshihiko Sasaki

Abstract

It is effective for the maintenance of existing structures to understand the current status, such as the residual stress of the materials used, and a portable X-ray diffractometer is used as a technique for measuring steel stress. Although measurement methods and pre-treatment for steel bars with low strength have been revealed, the influence of the strength on the X-ray stress measurement and the appropriate measurement method has not been clarified. In this study, residual stress measurements using the X-ray diffraction are performed on steel bars, the differences in the results for various steels with different strengths are discussed, and measurement conditions for accurate measurement are reported. In addition, the cause of the tendency of the X-ray stress measurement to be smaller than the actual increment value under high stress is investigated. The experimental results show that the appropriate measurement conditions vary depending on the rebar strength, and that the X-ray stress measurement under high stress also varies. The metallurgical structure of the steel was shown to be related to the cause of this phenomenon through microstructural observation and analysis of the deformation behavior.
Source: openalex_inverted_index · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses · Non-Destructive Testing Techniques · Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Geosciences and Civil Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa City, Japan.

Institute of Human and Social Sciences Faculty of Human Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa City, Japan.

References (21)

Show source-provided references
1. 1) Atienza, J. M., Ruiz-Hervias, J. and Elices, M., (2012). “The role of residual stresses in the performance and durability of prestressing steel wires.” Experimental Mechanics, 52(7), 881-893.10.1007/s11340-012-9597-1 ↗
2. 2) Ejiri, S., Ohba, H. and Sasaki, T., (2018). “Study on the statistical errors in X-ray stress measurement with two-dimensional detector.” Materials Science Forum, 941, 2373-2377.10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.941.2373 ↗
3. 3) Erduran, E., Ulla, F. K. and Næss, L., (2021). “A framework for long-term vibration-based monitoring of bridges.” Sensors, 21(14), 4739.10.3390/s21144739 ↗
4. 4) Furuta, T., Tomiyama, J., Makino, T., Miyagi, T. and Yamaguchi, M., (2020). “Fundamental study on the applicability of X-ray diffraction method on a detailed investigation of concrete structure deteriorated by ASR.” Proceedings of the Concrete Structure Scenarios, JSMS, 20, 209-214. (in Japanese)
5. 5) Gaebler, K. O., Hedegaard, B. D., Shield, C. K. and Linderman, L. E., (2018). “Signal selection and analysis methodology of long-term vibration data from the I-35W St. Anthony Falls Bridge.” Structural Control and Health Monitoring, 25, e2182.10.1002/stc.2182 ↗
6. 6) He, S., Van Bael, A., Li, S. Y., Van Houtte, P., Mei, F. and Sarban, A., (2003). “Residual stress determination in cold drawn steel wire by FEM simulation and X-ray diffraction.” Materials Science and Engineering: A, 346(1-2), 101-107.10.1016/S0921-5093(02)00509-9 ↗
7. 7) Kim, S. T., Yoon, H., Park, Y.-H., Jin, S.-S., Shin, S. and Yoon, S.-M., (2021). “Smart sensing of PSC girders using a PC strand with a built-in optical fiber sensor.” Applied Sciences, 11(1), 0359.10.3390/app11010359 ↗
8. 8) Lin, J. and Lee, S. Y., (2015). “Characterization of a portable X-ray device for residual stress measurements.” Advances in X-Ray Analysis, 59, 153-161.
9. 9) Mikulik, D. and Linderman, L. E., (2019). “Environmental effects on conductive surface sensors and pattern applications for concrete crack localization.” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, 31(6), 04019084.10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002738 ↗
10. 10) Miyazaki, T., Fujimoto, Y. and Sasaki, T., (2016). “Improvement in X-ray stress measurement using Debye-Scherrer rings by in-plane averaging.” Journal of Applied Crystallography, 49, 241-249.10.1107/S160057671600128X ↗
11. 11) Nozue, H., (2023). “Effect of cosα method installation error.” Journal of the Japanese Society for Non-Destructive Inspection, 72(1), 22-25. (in Japanese)
12. 12) Odagiri, K., Tanaka, K., Nozoe, H. and Iwanami, M., (2017). “Development of methods for estimating residual stress of rebar by X-ray diffraction.” Proceedings of the Japan Concrete Institute, 39(1), 1867-1872. (in Japanese)
13. 13) Ogata, I., Mukoyama, Y. and Hihara, M., (1992). “Study on residual stress of wire-EDM'd surface (1st Report): Relationship between machining condition and stress distribution.” Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, 57(1), 144-149. (in Japanese)10.2493/jjspe.57.144 ↗
14. 14) Ramirez-Rico, J., Lee, S. Y., Ling, J. J. and Noyan, I. C., (2016). “Stress measurement using area detectors: A theoretical and experimental comparison of different methods in ferritic steel using a portable X-ray apparatus.” Journal of Materials Science, 51(11), 5343-5355.10.1007/s10853-016-9837-3 ↗
15. 15) Sasaki, T. and Hirose, Y., (1995). “Single incidence X-ray stress measurement for all plane stress components using imaging plate of two-dimensional detector.” Zairyo (Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan), 44(504), 1138-1143. (in Japanese)10.2472/jsms.44.1138 ↗
16. 16) Sasaki, T., Takahashi, S., Sasaki, K. and Kobayashi, Y., (2009). “A study on improvements in multiaxial stress analysis with area detector type diffraction method.” Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, 75(750), 219-227. (in Japanese)10.1299/kikaia.75.219 ↗
17. 17) Sugiyama, T. and Michael Angelo B. P., (2021). “Advancing concrete durability research through X-ray computed tomography.” Journal of Advanced Concrete Technology, 19(6), 730-755.10.3151/jact.19.730 ↗
18. 18) Tanaka, K., (2018). “X-ray measurement of triaxial residual stress on machined surfaces by the cosα method using a two dimensional detector.” Journal of Applied Crystallography, 51(5), 1329-1338.10.1107/S1600576718011056 ↗
19. 19) Tanaka, K., (2019). “The cosα method for X-ray residual stress measurement using two-dimensional detector.” Mechanical Engineering Reviews, 6(1), 18-00378.10.1299/mer.18-00378 ↗
20. 20) Willemse, P. F., Naughton, B. P. and Verbraak, C. A., (1982). “X-ray residual stress measurements on cold-drawn steel wire.” Materials Science and Engineering, 56(1), 25-37.10.1016/0025-5416(82)90179-3 ↗
21. 21) Yoshioka, Y. and Ohya, S., (1992). “X-ray analysis in a localized area by use of imaging plate.” Advances in X-Ray Analysis, Vol. 35A, 537-543.10.1154/S0376030800009228 ↗