Thermodynamics of Iron Oxidation in Metallurgical Slags
Source abstract
Abstract
The state of oxidation of a pyrometallurgical process, given by the partial pressure of oxygen and the temperature, is one of the important properties monitored and controlled in the smelting and refining of iron and the nonferrous metals. This article reviews the thermodynamic background for this quantity and examines some empirical methods for its estimation and use. The emphasis is on copper smelting, but the same principles apply to iron, nickel, lead, and zinc processes.
Source: openaire · Quality: candidate unverified · Source record ↗
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
References (22)
Show source-provided references
1. F. Daniels and R.A. Alberty, Physical Chemistry (New York: Wiley, 1955), p. 150.
2. R.A. Robie, B.S. Hemingway, and J.R. Fisher, Thermodynamic Properties of Minerals and Related Substances, USGS Bulletins 1452 and 2131 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978 and 1995).
3. E.T. Turkdogan, Can. Metall. Q. 41, 151 (2002).10.1179/000844302794406252 ↗
4. J. Lumsden, Physical Chemistry of Process Metallurgy, ed. G.R. St Pierre (New York, NY: Interscience Publishers, 1961), p. 165.
5. R.P. Goel, H.H. Kellogg, and J. Larrain, Metall. Trans. B 11B, 107 (1980).10.1007/BF02657179 ↗
6. L.S. Darken and R.W. Gurry, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 67, 1398 (1945) and 68, 798 (1946).10.1021/ja01209a030 ↗
7. N. Kemori, Y. Shibata, and M. Tomono, Metall. Trans. B 17B, 111 (1986).10.1007/BF02670824 ↗
8. H. Kurokawa, Y. Kondo, K. Baba, T. Inami, and N. Kemori, Injection in Process Metallurgy, ed. T. Lehner (Warrendale, PA: TMS, 1991), p. 253.
9. P. Taskinen, K. Seppala, J. Laulumaa, and J. Poijarvi, Min. Proc. Ext. Met. 110, C94 (2001).10.1179/mpm.2001.110.2.94 ↗
10. E.J. Michal and R. Schuhmann, J. Met. 4, 723 (1952).
11. F.D. Richardson and J.C. Billington, Trans. IMM (Lond.) 65, 273 (1955).
12. K. Wohl, Trans. Am. Chem. Soc. 49, 218 (1946).
13. J.H. Perry, ed., Chemical Engineers’ Handbook, 4th ed. (New York, NY: McGraw Hill, 1963), pp. 13–12.
14. J.W. Matousek, Metall. Mater. Trans. B 25B, 463 (1994).10.1007/BF02663397 ↗
15. J.W. Matousek, JOM 48 (12), 52 (1996).10.1007/BF03223270 ↗
16. J.W. Matousek, Can. Metall. Q. 32, 97 (1993).10.1179/cmq.1993.32.2.97 ↗
17. J.M. Floyd, D.S. Conochie, and N.C. Grave, Proc. Aust. Inst. Min. Met. 270, 15 (1979).
18. A. Yazawa, The Future of Copper Pyrometallurgy, ed. C. Diaz (Santiago, Chile: Chilean Institute of Mining Engineers, 1973), p. 91.
19. Y. Takeda, Molten Slags, Fluxes and Salts (Sydney, Australia: Iron & Steel Society, 1997), p. 735.
20. J.W. Matousek, CIM Bull. 89, 96 (1987).
21. J.W. Matousek, JOM 60 (10), 61 (2009).10.1007/s11837-009-0154-z ↗
22. R. Schuhmann and P.J. Ensio, J. Met. 3, 401 (1951).