journal article·2026-07-13Open access

Combining Process Mining and Simulation for Outpatient Pediatric Ophthalmology: A Case Study

Evelyn Salas, Michael Arias, Juan Diego Rodríguez, Macarena Silva, Arturo Solís, Carla Fernández-Corrales, Eric Rojas

Applied Sciences· Volume 16· Issue 14

Abstract

Process mining (PM) and process simulation (PS) are key disciplines for analyzing, optimizing, and improving processes to support decision-making. In recent years, the healthcare sector has significantly increased the adoption of PM tools and has shown growing interest in integrating techniques from other disciplines, such as simulation. However, the literature shows that the combination of PM and PS in healthcare remains limited and is concentrated in a small number of medical specialties. This study aims to analyze and demonstrate the potential of combining PM and PS for healthcare process analysis. The study presents a case study illustrating the integration of PM and PS in the analysis of an outpatient consultation process at a pediatric hospital in Costa Rica. The analysis is based on a dataset of 1814 cases from 2022 and was conducted using the Celonis and Apromore tools, within the context of a specific clinical specialty. The results reveal complex process models, rework activities, bottlenecks, and cases with low levels of conformance, as well as a lack of communication among staff, while highlighting the involvement of domain experts throughout the research. The study designs three simulation scenarios to evaluate process behavior and identifies limitations in the application of the tools used, mainly related to the complexity and variability inherent in healthcare processes.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Business Process Modeling and Analysis · Healthcare Operations and Scheduling Optimization · Clinical practice guidelines implementation

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

School Industrial Engineering, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501, Costa Rica

Department of Engineering, Computer Science and Technology, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica

School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 6904411, Chile

Hospital Nacional de Niños, San José 10103, Costa Rica

INCAE Business School, La Garita, Alajuela 20113, Costa Rica

Institute for Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile

Department of Clinical Laboratories, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile

Funding

Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Chile (ANID), Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico

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