journal article·2026-06-30Open access

Adaptive Weighted Multi-Objective Control of a Motor-Driven Active Seat Suspension with Input Delay

Hao Lu, Xiang Zhu, Yang Wu, Jian Chen

Applied Sciences· Volume 16· Issue 13

Abstract

Active seat suspensions are a potential approach for reducing vertical vibration exposure in vehicle and construction-machinery seats. In most existing studies on active seat-suspension control, acceleration signals are rarely used as direct feedback because of their high noise sensitivity. However, acceleration can be measured at low cost and directly reflects ride comfort, which makes it attractive for prototype-level vibration control. This paper proposes an acceleration-feedback-based adaptive weighted control strategy for a motor-driven active seat-suspension prototype with input delay. A 2-DOF driver-seat model is employed to describe the dominant vertical dynamics. An auxiliary virtual state variable is introduced to embed a deformation-dependent weighting mechanism into the control objective, allowing the controller to coordinate ride-comfort improvement and suspension-stroke safety according to real-time suspension deformation. Based on the Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI) method, a state-feedback H-infinity controller is synthesized while considering actuation delay and input saturation. The stability of the controlled system is proved under the stated model assumptions, and the controller performance is examined through numerical simulation and laboratory prototype experiments. The acceleration transmissibility from the vibration-platform floor to the driver is evaluated experimentally in the frequency domain, and random-excitation responses are investigated through both simulation and experimentation. The results show that the proposed strategy can reduce the dominant vibration responses and satisfy the imposed stroke and actuation constraints on the laboratory test rig.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids · Effects of Vibration on Health · Vehicle Noise and Vibration Control

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Hunan Intelligent Crane Engineering Technology Research Center, Sany Automobile Hoisting Machinery Co., Ltd., Changsha 410600, China

College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China

Funding

Open Fund of Intelligent Crane Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province

References (45)

Show source-provided references
1. Effect of seating on exposures to whole-body vibration in vehicles10.1006/jsvi.2001.4257 ↗
2. Improved vibration isolating seat suspension designs based on position-dependent nonlinear stiffness and damping characteristics10.1115/1.1592189 ↗
3. Vibration control of electrorheological seat suspension with human-body model using sliding mode control10.1016/j.jsv.2007.01.027 ↗
4. Vibration control of a MR seat damper for commercial vehicles10.1106/AERG-3QKV-31V8-F250 ↗
5. Vibration control for active seat suspension systems via dynamic output feedback with limited frequency characteristic10.1016/j.mechatronics.2010.11.001 ↗
6. Constrained H∞ control of active suspensions: An LMI approach10.1109/TCST.2004.841661 ↗
7. Output feedback H∞ control for active suspension of in-wheel motor driven electric vehicle with control faults and input delay10.1016/j.isatra.2019.02.016 ↗
8. Robust control of an electromagnetic active suspension system simulations and measurements10.1016/j.mechatronics.2012.07.002 ↗
9. Robust fault-tolerant H-infinity control of active suspension systems with finite-frequency constraint10.1016/j.ymssp.2015.01.015 ↗
10. Adaptive robust vibration control of full-car active suspensions with electrohydraulic actuators10.1109/TCST.2012.2237174 ↗
11. Halil, I.B. (2016). A Backstepping Approach for an Active Suspension System. 2016 American Control Conference, IEEE.
12. Multi-objective control for uncertain nonlinear active suspension systems10.1016/j.mechatronics.2013.09.009 ↗
13. Adaptive tracking control for active suspension systems with non-ideal actuators10.1016/j.jsv.2017.03.011 ↗
14. Design of a coordinated adaptive backstepping tracking control for nonlinear uncertain active suspension system10.1016/j.apm.2019.06.030 ↗
15. Robust finite-time tracking control for nonlinear suspension systems via disturbance compensation10.1016/j.ymssp.2016.11.012 ↗
16. Saturated adaptive robust control for active suspension systems10.1109/TIE.2012.2206340 ↗
17. Adaptive backstepping control for active suspension systems with hard constraints10.1109/TMECH.2012.2204765 ↗
18. Filter-based adaptive vibration control for active vehicle suspensions with electrohydraulic actuators10.1109/TVT.2015.2437455 ↗
19. Adaptive prescribed performance control of half-car active suspension system with unknown dead-zone input10.1016/j.ymssp.2018.03.048 ↗
20. Adaptive backstepping–based tracking control design for nonlinear active suspension system with parameter uncertainties and safety constraints10.1016/j.isatra.2018.11.047 ↗
21. Active full-vehicle suspension control via cloud-aided adaptive backstepping approach10.1109/TCYB.2019.2891960 ↗
22. Adaptive sliding fault tolerant control for nonlinear uncertain active suspension systems10.1016/j.jfranklin.2015.11.002 ↗
23. Output feedback active suspension control with higher order terminal sliding mode10.1109/TIE.2016.2611587 ↗
24. Disturbance observer based sliding mode control of active suspension systems10.1016/j.jsv.2014.01.023 ↗
25. Control of active suspension system considering nonlinear actuator dynamics10.1007/s11071-017-3951-x ↗
26. Adaptive event-triggered fuzzy control for uncertain active suspension systems10.1109/TCYB.2018.2864776 ↗
27. Disturbance observer based Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy control for an active seat suspension10.1016/j.ymssp.2017.02.029 ↗
28. A robust predictive control design for nonlinear active suspension systems10.1002/asjc.1180 ↗
29. Efficiency improvement of vehicle active suspension based on multi-objective integrated optimization10.1177/1077546315581731 ↗
30. Aspects of achievable performance for quarter-car active suspensions
31. Multidisciplinary design optimization of mechatronic vehicles with active suspensions10.1016/j.jsv.2004.04.027 ↗
32. Adaptive neural network control for active suspension systems with time-varying vertical displacement and speed constraints10.1109/TIE.2019.2893847 ↗
33. Adaptive neural network control for active suspension system with actuator saturation10.1049/iet-cta.2015.1317 ↗
34. Reliable fuzzy control for active suspension systems with actuator delay and fault10.1109/TFUZZ.2011.2174244 ↗
35. Adaptive control of nonlinear uncertain active suspension systems with prescribed performance10.1016/j.isatra.2014.05.025 ↗
36. Enhanced adaptive self-organizing fuzzy sliding-mode controller for active suspension systems10.1109/TIE.2012.2190372 ↗
37. Fuzzy control for uncertain vehicle active suspension systems via dynamic sliding-mode approach10.1109/TSMC.2016.2564930 ↗
38. Adaptive sliding-mode control for nonlinear active suspension vehicle systems using T-S fuzzy approach10.1109/TIE.2012.2202354 ↗
39. Active Control of Vehicle Attitude with Roll Dynamics10.3182/20110828-6-IT-1002.03678 ↗
40. Li, Q., Chen, Z., Song, H., and Dong, Y. (2024). Model Predictive Control for Speed-Dependent Active Suspension System with Road Preview Information. Sensors, 24.10.3390/s24072255 ↗
41. Vibration Characteristics Control of Resonance Point in Vehicle: Fundamental Considerations of Control System without Displacement and Velocity Information
42. Automotive Active Suspension System Design for a Quarter Bus: An Acceleration Feedback Approach
43. An algebraic Riccati equation approach to H∞ optimization10.1016/0167-6911(88)90080-1 ↗
44. Bouc, R. (1967). Forced vibration of mechanical systems with hysteresis. Proceedings of the Fourth Conference on Non-Linear Oscillation, Academia.
45. Method for random vibration of hysteretic systems10.1061/JMCEA3.0002106 ↗