journal article·2026-06-16Open access

The Quality of an Innovative Meat–Plant Paste with Increased Nutritional Value

Anna Augustyńska-Prejsnar, Małgorzata Ormian, Jadwiga Topczewska, Bartłomiej Ruda

Applied Sciences· Volume 16· Issue 12

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to develop an innovative meat–plant product in the form of a paste with increased nutritional value. Increased nutritional value was assessed based on the results of a nutritional analysis of a reference meat product and a reference plant product. The quality assessment took into account both physical and sensory characteristics. The results showed that the innovative meat–plant product was characterised by a reduced fat content (51.91%), saturated (82.17%) and monounsaturated fatty acids (68.87%), cholesterol (54.07%) and a reduction in calorie content (by 30.06%) compared to the reference meat product, while simultaneously increasing the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (106.80%) and dietary fibre (129.05%). Compared to the reference plant product, the innovative meat–plant product was characterised by a higher protein content (104.05%) with a favourable amino acid profile and a reduction in calorie content (20.18%). Sensory evaluation confirmed the high desirability of the aroma and taste and the overall acceptability of the meat–plant product compared to reference products. The reformulation enabled the development of an innovative product with balanced nutritional and sensory properties, providing a valuable alternative to traditional meat products and classic plant paste.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Meat and Animal Product Quality · Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact · Animal Nutrition and Physiology

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Animal Production and Poultry Products Evaluation, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, Faculty of Technology and Life Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland

Jasiołka Meat Factory, ul. Kościuszki 21, 38-450 Dukla, Poland

References (79)

Show source-provided references
1. Pateiro, M., Domínguez, R., and Lorenzo, J.M. (2021). Recent research advances in meat products. Foods, 10.10.3390/foods10061303 ↗
2. Inguglia, E.S., Song, Z., Kerry, J.P., O’Sullivan, M.G., and Hamill, R.M. (2023). Addressing clean label trends in commercial meat processing: Strategies, challenges and insights from consumer perspectives. Foods, 12.10.3390/foods12102062 ↗
3. Ursachi, C.Ș., Perța-Crișan, S., and Munteanu, F.D. (2020). Strategies to improve meat products’ quality. Foods, 9.10.3390/foods9121883 ↗
4. Andreani, G., Sogari, G., Marti, A., Froldi, F., Dagevos, H., and Martini, D. (2023). Plant-based meat alternatives: Technological, nutritional, environmental, market, and social challenges and opportunities. Nutrients, 15.10.3390/nu15020452 ↗
5. Font-i-Furnols, M. (2023). Meat consumption, sustainability and alternatives: An overview of motives and barriers. Foods, 12.10.3390/foods12112144 ↗
6. Zhao, D., Yan, S., Liu, J., Jiang, X., Li, J., Wang, Y., and Bai, Y. (2023). Effect of chickpea dietary fiber on the emulsion gel properties of pork myofibrillar protein. Foods, 12.10.3390/foods12132597 ↗
7. Kołodziejczak, K., Onopiuk, A., Szpicer, A., and Poltorak, A. (2021). Meat analogues in the perspective of recent scientific research: A review. Foods, 11.10.3390/foods11010105 ↗
8. Situational appropriateness of meat products, meat substitutes and meat alternatives as perceived by Dutch consumers10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.104108 ↗
9. Grasso, S., and Jaworska, S. (2020). Part meat and part plant: Are hybrid meat products fad or future?. Foods, 9.10.3390/foods9121888 ↗
10. Szymandera-Buszka, K., Waszkowiak, K., Jędrusek-Golińska, A., and Hęś, M. (2020). Sensory analysis in assessing the possibility of using ethanol extracts of spices to develop new meat products. Foods, 9.10.3390/foods9020209 ↗
11. Manessis, G., Kalogianni, A.I., Lazou, T., Moschovas, M., Bossis, I., and Gelasakis, A.I. (2020). Plant-derived natural antioxidants in meat and meat products. Antioxidants, 9.10.3390/antiox9121215 ↗
12. Kurćubić, V., Stajić, S., Miletić, N., and Stanišić, N. (2022). Healthier meat products are fashionable-consumers love fashion. Appl. Sci., 12.10.3390/app121910129 ↗
13. The usual suspect: How to co-create healthier meat products10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110304 ↗
14. Effect of the partial replacement of meat with some legumes such as (Chickpeas) on some of the chemical and sensory characteristics of the manufactured burger
15. Pathiraje, D., Carlin, J., Der, T., Wanasundara, J.P., and Shand, P.J. (2023). Generating multi-functional pulse ingredients for processed meat products-Scientific evaluation of infrared-treated lentils. Foods, 12.10.3390/foods12081722 ↗
16. Effect of texturised soy protein and yeast on the instrumental and sensory quality of hybrid beef meatballs10.1007/s13197-018-3552-9 ↗
17. Pogorzelska-Nowicka, E., Atanasov, A.G., Horbańczuk, J., and Wierzbicka, A. (2018). Bioactive compounds in functional meat products. Molecules, 23.10.3390/molecules23020307 ↗
18. Abdullah, F.A.A., Dordevic, D., Kabourkova, E., Zemancová, J., and Dordevic, S. (2022). Antioxidant and sensorial properties: Meat analogues versus conventional meat products. Processes, 10.10.3390/pr10091864 ↗
19. Current trends in the development of functional meat products to improve the nutritional status of the population
20. Volatile compounds and sensory profile of burgers with 50% fat replacement by microparticles of chia oil enriched with rosemary10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.10.017 ↗
21. Pintado, T., and Delgado-Pando, G. (2020). Towards more sustainable meat products: Extenders as a way of reducing meat content. Foods, 9.10.3390/foods9081044 ↗
22. Domínguez, R., Pateiro, M., Gagaoua, M., Barba, F.J., Zhang, W., and Lorenzo, J.M. (2019). A comprehensive review on lipid oxidation in meat and meat products. Antioxidants, 8.10.3390/antiox8100429 ↗
23. Bogueva, D., and McClements, D.J. (2023). Safety and nutritional risks associated with plant-based meat alternatives. Sustainability, 15.10.3390/su151914336 ↗
24. Dobón-Suárez, A., Zapata, P.J., and García-Pastor, M.E. (2025). A Comprehensive review on characterization of pepper seeds: Unveiling potential value and sustainable agrifood applications. Foods, 14.10.3390/foods14111969 ↗
25. Rybak, K., Wiktor, A., Witrowa-Rajchert, D., Parniakov, O., and Nowacka, M. (2020). The effect of traditional and non-thermal treatments on the bioactive compounds and sugars content of red bell pepper. Molecules, 25.10.3390/molecules25184287 ↗
26. Anaya-Esparza, L.M., Mora, Z.V.D.L., Vázquez-Paulino, O., Ascencio, F., and Villarruel-López, A. (2021). Bell peppers (Capsicum annum L.) losses and wastes: Source for food and pharmaceutical applications. Molecules, 26.10.3390/molecules26175341 ↗
27. Tomato components and quality parameters. A review10.35516/jjas.v18i3.444 ↗
28. Domínguez, R., Gullón, P., Pateiro, M., Munekata, P.E., Zhang, W., and Lorenzo, J.M. (2020). Tomato as potential source of natural additives for meat industry. A review. Antioxidants, 9.10.3390/antiox9010073 ↗
29. Changes in quality characteristics of fresh pork patties added with tomato powder during storage10.5851/kosfa.2010.30.2.216 ↗
30. Comparative study of nutritional properties and antioxidant activity of raw and fermented (black) garlic10.1080/10942912.2022.2026954 ↗
31. Physiochemical changes and nutritional content of black garlic during fermentation10.1016/j.afres.2022.100216 ↗
32. Nutritional, biological, and therapeutic properties of black garlic: A critical review10.1080/10942912.2021.1967386 ↗
33. Begum, N., Khan, Q.U., Liu, L.G., Li, W., Liu, D., and Haq, I.U. (2023). Nutritional composition, health benefits and bio-active compounds of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). Front. Nutr., 10.10.3389/fnut.2023.1218468 ↗
34. Nutritional characteristics and value-added products of chickpea (Cicer arietinum)-A review
35. A review of the nutritional and antinutritional constituents of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) and its health benefits10.1071/CP21030 ↗
36. Hummus consumption preferences among dietetics students
37. Schmidt, H.D.O., and Oliveira, V.R.D. (2023). Overview of the incorporation of legumes into new food options: An approach on versatility, nutritional, technological, and sensory quality. Foods, 12.10.3390/foods12132586 ↗
38. Goswami, M., Kumar, R., Teng, X.M., Jadeja, R., Scott, D., Pfeiffer, M., and Ramanathan, R. (2025). Physicochemical, nutritional, and structural characterization of a novel meat-based hummus. Foods, 14.10.3390/foods14142507 ↗
39. Can plant-based meat alternatives be part of a healthy and sustainable diet?10.1001/jama.2019.13187 ↗
40. Using of local plant and animal raw materials in the development of a functional product
41. Ruiz-Capillas, C., and Herrero, A.M. (2021). Sensory analysis and consumer research in new product development. Foods, 10.10.3390/foods10030582 ↗
42. Guzek, D., Głąbska, D., Sajdakowska, M., and Gutkowska, K. (2020). Analysis of association between the consumer food quality perception and acceptance of enhanced meat products and novel packaging in a population-based sample of polish consumers. Foods, 9.10.3390/foods9111526 ↗
43. Augustyńska-Prejsnar, A., Ormian, M., Topczewska, J., Sokołowicz, Z., and Tobiasz-Salach, R. (2025). Quality characteristics of poultry products containing plant components with enhanced health benefits. Foods, 14.10.3390/foods14244307 ↗
44. (2011). Regulation (EU) No 1169/2011 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2011 on the Provision of Food Information to Consumers, Amending Regulations (EC) No 1924/2006 and (EC) No 1925/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council, and Repealing Commission Directive 87/250/EEC, Council Directive 90/496/EEC, Commission Directive 1999/10/EC, Directive 2000/13/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council, Commission Directives 2002/67/EC and 2008/5/EC and Commission Regulation (EC) No 608/2004 (Text with EEA Relevance), European Union.
45. Latimer, G. (2019). Official Methods of Analysis, Association of Official Analytical Chemists International. [21st ed.].
46. (2016). Physico-Chemical and Chemical Analysis of Foodstuffs and Feedstuffs. German Standard Methods for the Analysis of Fats and Fat Products (Standard No. DGF C-VI 11a: 2016 (mod.)).
47. (2016). Physico-Chemical and Chemical Analysis of Foodstuffs and Feedstuffs. Determination of Ingredients in Foods Using Gas Chromatography with Conventional Detector (Standard No. DGF C-VI 10a: 2016 (mod.)).
48. (2008). Sensory Analysis-General Guidance for the Selection, Training and Monitoring of Assessors (Standard No. ISO 8586-2:2008).
49. StatSoft (Data Analysis Software System, 2018). Data Analysis Software System, version 13.3; Electronic Statistics Textbook.
50. Mercês, Z.D.C.D., Salvadori, N.M., Evangelista, S.M., Cochlar, T.B., Rios, A.D.O., and Oliveira, V.R.D. (2024). Hybrid and plant-based burgers: Trends, challenges, and physicochemical and sensory qualities. Foods, 13.10.3390/foods13233855 ↗
51. Considering the physicochemical and sensorial properties of momtaze hamburgers containing lentil and chickpea seed flour
52. Effect of partial replacement of meat with chickpea flour, soybean flour and skimmed milk powder on physicochemical and sensory evaluation properties of camel meat burger10.1080/23311932.2024.2321673 ↗
53. Kasaiyan, S., Ferreira, I., Villalobos-Delgado, L.H., Rigueiro, S., Caro, I., Bermúdez, R., and Mateo, J. (2023). Oxidative effects of raw chickpea in reformulated pork patties: Level of chickpea, temperature, and use of selected natural antioxidants. Processes, 11.10.3390/pr11072062 ↗
54. Effects of the use of raw or cooked chickpeas and the sausage cooking time on the quality of a lamb-meat, olive-oil emulsion-type sausage10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109217 ↗
55. Impact of paprika (Capsicum annuum) addition on quality of value-added goat meat spread
56. Innovative products from sweet bell pepper tomato and their pomace
57. Augustyńska-Prejsnar, A., Ormian, M., Sokołowicz, Z., and Kačániová, M. (2022). The effect of the addition of hemp seeds, Amaranth, and Golden flaxseed on the nutritional value, physical, sensory characteristics, and safety of poultry Pâté. Appl. Sci., 12.10.3390/app12105289 ↗
58. Augustyńska-Prejsnar, A., Topczewska, J., Ormian, M., and Sokołowicz, Z. (2022). Quality of poultry roast enriched with hemp seeds, hemp oil, and hemp flour. Foods, 11.10.3390/foods11233907 ↗
59. Plant-based animal product alternatives are healthier and more environmentally sustainable than animal products10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100174 ↗
60. Development and evaluation of dry fermented sausages processed from blends of chickpea flour and beef
61. Fava bean (Vicia faba L.) protein concentrate added to beef burgers improves the bioaccessibility of some free essential amino acids after in vitro oral and gastrointestinal digestion10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113916 ↗
62. Skwarek, P., and Karwowska, M. (2022). Fatty acids profile and antioxidant properties of raw fermented sausages with the addition of tomato pomace. Biomolecules, 12.10.3390/biom12111695 ↗
63. Karslıoğlu, B., Soncu, E.D., Nekoyu, B., Karaku¸s, E., Bekdemir, G., and ¸Sahin, B. (2024). From Waste to Consumption: Tomato Peel Flour in Hamburger Patty Production. Foods, 13.10.3390/foods13142218 ↗
64. Castro, T.A., Leite, B.S., Assunção, L.S., de Jesus Freitas, T., Colauto, N.B., Linde, G.A., and Ferreira Ribeiro, C.D. (2021). Red tomato products as an alternative to reduce synthetic dyes in the food industry: A review. Molecules, 26.10.3390/molecules26237125 ↗
65. A comprehensive review of the health benefits of flaxseed oil in relation to its chemical composition and comparison with other omega-3-rich oils10.1186/s40001-023-01203-6 ↗
66. Dąbrowski, G., Tańska, M., Czaplicki, S., Sadowski, T., Rychcik, B., Kostrzewska, M.K., and Konopka, I. (2025). Variation in Linseed Oil Composition: Impact of cultivar, cultivation system, and year of cultivation. Molecules, 30.10.3390/molecules30040875 ↗
67. Mueed, A., Shibli, S., Korma, S.A., Madjirebaye, P., Esatbeyoglu, T., and Deng, Z. (2022). Flaxseed bioactive compounds: Chemical composition, functional properties, food applications and health benefits-related gut microbes. Foods, 11.10.3390/foods11203307 ↗
68. Nowak, W., and Jeziorek, M. (2023). The role of flaxseed in improving human health. Healthcare, 11.10.3390/healthcare11030395 ↗
69. Bilska, A., and Krzywdzińska-Bartkowiak, M. (2025). The Influence of vegetable oil addition levels on the fatty acid profile and oxidative transformation dynamics in liver sausage-type processed meats. Foods, 14.10.3390/foods14030380 ↗
70. Verma, T., Aggarwal, A., Dey, P., Chauhan, A.K., Rashid, S., Chen, K.T., and Sharma, R. (2023). Medicinal and therapeutic properties of garlic, garlic essential oil, and garlic-based snack food: An updated review. Front. Nutr., 10.10.3389/fnut.2023.1120377 ↗
71. Plant-based meat alternatives and cardiometabolic health: A systematic review and meta-analysis10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.12.002 ↗
72. Ioniță-Mîndrican, C.B., Ziani, K., Mititelu, M., Oprea, E., Neacșu, S.M., Moroșan, E., and Negrei, C. (2022). Therapeutic benefits and dietary restrictions of fiber intake: A state of the art review. Nutrients, 14.10.3390/nu14132641 ↗
73. Assessment of different dietary fibers (tomato fiber, beet root fiber, and inulin) for the manufacture of chopped cooked chicken products10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02597.x ↗
74. Tomato pomace as a source of valuable functional ingredients for improving physicochemical and sensory properties and extending the shelf life of foods: A review10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25261 ↗
75. Quality attributes of beef sausage supplemented by flaxseeds and chickpea10.21608/jfds.2019.48286 ↗
76. Mishra, B.P., Mishra, J., Paital, B., Rath, P.K., Jena, M.K., Reddy, B.V., and Sahoo, D.K. (2023). Properties and physiological effects of dietary fiber-enriched meat products: A review. Front. Nutr., 10.10.3389/fnut.2023.1275341 ↗
77. Ciobanu, M.M., Manoliu, D.R., Ciobotaru, M.C., Flocea, E.I., and Boișteanu, P.C. (2025). Dietary fibres in processed meat: A review on nutritional enhancement, technological effects, sensory implications and consumer perception. Foods, 14.10.3390/foods14091459 ↗
78. Development of a recipecomposition for canned meat and vegetables based on chicken meat with a legume component
79. (2023). Sensory Analysis—Selection and Training of Sensory Assessors (Standard No. PN-EN ISO 8586:2023).