In Vitro Micro-CT Assessment of a Novel Implant–Abutment Connection Under Static and Cyclic Loading

The implant–abutment connection (IAC) is a critical determinant of the mechanical and biological performance of dental implants. Connection design and insertion torque may influence fatigue resistance, micromovement, and microgap formation, thereby affecting long-term implant success. This in vitro study evaluated a novel conical implant–abutment connection under controlled mechanical loading conditions. Methods: A sequential in vitro protocol was applied. Mechanical testing was conducted according to ISO 14801:2016 and included static and cyclic loading tests of the KS implant system inserted at two different torque values (35 Ncm and 70 Ncm). High-resolution micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was performed after mechanical loading to evaluate implant–abutment interface integrity, microstructural alterations, and microgap behavior. Results: Static and cyclic loading tests revealed no observable differences between implants inserted at 35 Ncm and 70 Ncm, with all specimens completing the loading protocols without mechanical failure. Micro-CT analysis showed no evidence of microfractures, permanent deformation, or clinically relevant alterations at the implant–abutment interface. A stable and well-sealed connection was observed for both torque values following mechanical loading. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the investigated conical implant–abutment connection demonstrated stable mechanical performance and preserved interface integrity after static and cyclic loading, regardless of whether implants were placed at 35 Ncm or 70 Ncm. These findings indicate that, under the present experimental conditions, both torque levels were associated with comparable structural integrity and mechanical stability of the investigated implant–abutment connection. This study should be interpreted as a preliminary experimental investigation, designed to provide descriptive and mechanistic insights rather than statistically powered comparative conclusions. Further long-term clinical trials are required to confirm these preliminary results.