SeRNet: Segmentation Helps Reconstruction for Anomaly Detection
Source abstract
Abstract
With production growth and improvements in production speed in modern industries, accurate anomaly detection is becoming increasingly important to improve quality inspection efficiency and help minimize production costs. Existing reconstruction-based methods achieve promising anomaly detection results in some scenarios. However, when large-scale anomalies exist, the generalization ability of these methods is limited, and it is difficult to reconstruct the anomalies effectively into normal areas, which may lead to unsatisfactory results. To address this issue, this paper proposes a novel network architecture called SeRNet, which comprises three components: a segmentation sub-network, a reconstruction sub-network, and a repair module. SeRNet addresses the challenge of large-scale anomaly reconstruction by utilizing the segmentation sub-network for pre-segmentation, the repair module for repairing the large-scale anomalies using normal images similar to the test images, and the reconstruction sub-network for processing small-scale anomalies and anomalies in the repaired splices. Additionally, this paper introduces two methods for generating pseudo-anomalies at different scales. SeRNet leverages the advantages of both the segmentation sub-network, which is effective at segmenting large-scale anomalies, and the reconstruction sub-network, which can effectively reconstruct small-scale anomalies. Experiments on the MVTec AD industrial dataset demonstrate that SeRNet delivers outstanding performance, achieving an image-level AUROC score of 99.6.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications · Fault Detection and Control Systems · Smart Grid Security and Resilience
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Normal University of Special Education, Nanjing 210038, China
School of Software, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China
References (57)
Show source-provided references
1. Wolleb, J., Bieder, F., Sandkühler, R., and Cattin, P.C. (2022). Diffusion models for medical anomaly detection. Proceedings of the International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, Springer.10.1007/978-3-031-16452-1_4 ↗
2. Nandakumar, N., and Eberhardt, J. (2025). A Synthetic Image Generation Pipeline for Vision-Based AI in Industrial Applications. Appl. Sci., 15.10.3390/app152312600 ↗
3. Deep support vector data description based on correntropy for few-shot anomaly detection10.1016/j.dsp.2025.105074 ↗
4. PCBSSD: Self-supervised symmetry-aware detector for PCB displacement and orientation inspection10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116342 ↗
5. Pang, G., Yan, C., Shen, C., Hengel, A.v.d., and Bai, X. (2020, January 13–19). Self-trained deep ordinal regression for end-to-end video anomaly detection. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Seattle, WA, USA.10.1109/CVPR42600.2020.01219 ↗
6. Feng, J.C., Hong, F.T., and Zheng, W.S. (2021, January 20–25). Mist: Multiple instance self-training framework for video anomaly detection. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Nashville, TN, USA.10.1109/CVPR46437.2021.01379 ↗
7. Guo, X., Zhao, S., Xue, J., Liu, D., Han, X., Zhang, S., and Zhang, Y. (2025). Multi-Granularity Content-Aware Network with Semantic Integration for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection. Appl. Sci., 15.10.3390/app152111842 ↗
8. Accelerating surface defect detection using normal data with an attention-guided feature distillation reconstruction network10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116702 ↗
9. Zavrtanik, V., Kristan, M., and Skočaj, D. (2021, January 10–17). Draem—A discriminatively trained reconstruction embedding for surface anomaly detection. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, Montreal, BC, Canada.10.1109/ICCV48922.2021.00822 ↗
10. Dual Flow Reverse Distillation for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection10.1016/j.dsp.2025.105258 ↗
11. Liu, X., Zhu, J., Zhu, Z., and He, J. (2025). DAFSF: A Defect-Aware Fine Segmentation Framework Based on Hybrid Encoder and Adaptive Optimization for Image Analysis. Appl. Sci., 15.10.3390/app152111351 ↗
12. Lei, J., Hu, X., Wang, Y., and Liu, D. (2023, January 17–24). PyramidFlow: High-Resolution Defect Contrastive Localization using Pyramid Normalizing Flow. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Vancouver, BC, Canada.10.1109/CVPR52729.2023.01359 ↗
13. Deng, H., and Li, X. (2022, January 18–24). Anomaly detection via reverse distillation from one-class embedding. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New Orleans, LA, USA.10.1109/CVPR52688.2022.00951 ↗
14. Masked swin transformer unet for industrial anomaly detection10.1109/TII.2022.3199228 ↗
15. Liu, T., Li, B., Zhao, Z., Du, X., Jiang, B., and Geng, L. (2022). Reconstruction from edge image combined with color and gradient difference for industrial surface anomaly detection. arXiv.
16. Reconstruction by inpainting for visual anomaly detection10.1016/j.patcog.2020.107706 ↗
17. Yamada, S., Kamiya, S., and Hotta, K. (2022, January 23–27). Reconstructed student-teacher and discriminative networks for anomaly detection. Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS), Kyoto, Japan.10.1109/IROS47612.2022.9981509 ↗
18. Hu, T., Zhang, J., Yi, R., Du, Y., Chen, X., Liu, L., Wang, Y., and Wang, C. (2024, January 26–27). Anomalydiffusion: Few-shot anomaly image generation with diffusion model. Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Vancouver, BC, Canada.10.1609/aaai.v38i8.28696 ↗
19. Zou, Q., Kang, C., and Liu, Q. (2025, January 5–7). Multi-scale u-shape transformer network for unsupervised image anomaly detection. Proceedings of the 2025 28th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design (CSCWD), Compiegne, France.10.1109/CSCWD64889.2025.11033240 ↗
20. Roth, K., Pemula, L., Zepeda, J., Schölkopf, B., Brox, T., and Gehler, P. (2022, January 18–24). Towards total recall in industrial anomaly detection. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New Orleans, LA, USA.10.1109/CVPR52688.2022.01392 ↗
21. Defard, T., Setkov, A., Loesch, A., and Audigier, R. (2021). Padim: A patch distribution modeling framework for anomaly detection and localization. Proceedings of the International Conference on Pattern Recognition, Springer.10.1007/978-3-030-68799-1_35 ↗
22. Tsai, C.C., Wu, T.H., and Lai, S.H. (2022, January 3–8). Multi-scale patch-based representation learning for image anomaly detection and segmentation. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, Waikoloa, HI, USA.10.1109/WACV51458.2022.00312 ↗
23. Wang, G., Han, S., Ding, E., and Huang, D. (2021). Student-teacher feature pyramid matching for anomaly detection. arXiv.10.5244/C.35.349 ↗
24. Rudolph, M., Wehrbein, T., Rosenhahn, B., and Wandt, B. (2023, January 2–7). Asymmetric student-teacher networks for industrial anomaly detection. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, Waikoloa, HI, USA.10.1109/WACV56688.2023.00262 ↗
25. Memseg: A semi-supervised method for image surface defect detection using differences and commonalities10.1016/j.engappai.2023.105835 ↗
26. An image synthesizer10.1145/325165.325247 ↗
27. Unsupervised Anomaly Detection for Surface Defects With Dual-Siamese Network10.1109/TII.2022.3142326 ↗
28. Guided reconstruction with conditioned diffusion models for unsupervised anomaly detection in brain mris10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.109660 ↗
29. Context-aware feature reconstruction for class-incremental anomaly detection and localization10.1016/j.neunet.2024.106788 ↗
30. Li, C.L., Sohn, K., Yoon, J., and Pfister, T. (2021, January 20–25). Cutpaste: Self-supervised learning for anomaly detection and localization. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Nashville, TN, USA.10.1109/CVPR46437.2021.00954 ↗
31. Song, J., Kong, K., Park, Y.I., Kim, S.G., and Kang, S.J. (2021). AnoSeg: Anomaly segmentation network using self-supervised learning. arXiv.
32. Chen, Q., Luo, H., Lv, C., and Zhang, Z. (2024). A unified anomaly synthesis strategy with gradient ascent for industrial anomaly detection and localization. Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision, Springer.10.1007/978-3-031-72855-6_3 ↗
33. Cimpoi, M., Maji, S., Kokkinos, I., Mohamed, S., and Vedaldi, A. (2014, January 23–28). Describing textures in the wild. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Columbus, OH, USA.10.1109/CVPR.2014.461 ↗
34. An overview of perceptual hashing
35. Bergmann, P., Fauser, M., Sattlegger, D., and Steger, C. (2019, January 15–20). MVTec AD–A comprehensive real-world dataset for unsupervised anomaly detection. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Long Beach, CA, USA.10.1109/CVPR.2019.00982 ↗
36. Zou, Y., Jeong, J., Pemula, L., Zhang, D., and Dabeer, O. (2022). Spot-the-difference self-supervised pre-training for anomaly detection and segmentation. Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision, Springer.10.1007/978-3-031-20056-4_23 ↗
37. Jezek, S., Jonak, M., Burget, R., Dvorak, P., and Skotak, M. (2021, January 25–27). Deep learning-based defect detection of metal parts: Evaluating current methods in complex conditions. Proceedings of the 2021 13th International Congress on Ultra Modern Telecommunications and Control Systems and Workshops (ICUMT), Brno, Czech Republic.10.1109/ICUMT54235.2021.9631567 ↗
38. Mishra, P., Verk, R., Fornasier, D., Piciarelli, C., and Foresti, G.L. (2021, January 20–23). VT-ADL: A vision transformer network for image anomaly detection and localization. Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE 30th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE), Kyoto, Japan.10.1109/ISIE45552.2021.9576231 ↗
39. DTAM: A difference-trainable adaptive memory anomaly detection and location method10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118423 ↗
40. Rolih, B., Fučka, M., and Skočaj, D. (2024). SuperSimpleNet: Unifying Unsupervised and Supervised Learning for Fast and Reliable Surface Defect Detection. arXiv.10.1007/978-3-031-78192-6_4 ↗
41. Bergmann, P., Fauser, M., Sattlegger, D., and Steger, C. (2020, January 13–19). Uninformed students: Student-teacher anomaly detection with discriminative latent embeddings. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Seattle, WA, USA.10.1109/CVPR42600.2020.00424 ↗
42. LightFlow: Lightweight unsupervised defect detection based on 2D Flow10.1109/TIM.2024.3415769 ↗
43. Yu, J., Zheng, Y., Wang, X., Li, W., Wu, Y., Zhao, R., and Wu, L. (2021). Fastflow: Unsupervised anomaly detection and localization via 2d normalizing flows. arXiv.
44. Batzner, K., Heckler, L., and König, R. (2024, January 3–8). Efficientad: Accurate visual anomaly detection at millisecond-level latencies. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, Waikoloa, HI, USA.10.1109/WACV57701.2024.00020 ↗
45. Gudovskiy, D., Ishizaka, S., and Kozuka, K. (2022, January 3–8). Cflow-ad: Real-time unsupervised anomaly detection with localization via conditional normalizing flows. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, Waikoloa, HI, USA.10.1109/WACV51458.2022.00188 ↗
46. Fang, Z., Wang, X., Li, H., Liu, J., Hu, Q., and Xiao, J. (2023, January 1–6). FastRecon: Few-shot Industrial Anomaly Detection via Fast Feature Reconstruction. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, Paris, France.10.1109/ICCV51070.2023.01603 ↗
47. Dual-Branch Knowledge Distillation via Residual Features Aggregation Module for Anomaly Segmentation
48. Utrad: Anomaly detection and localization with u-transformer10.1016/j.neunet.2021.12.008 ↗
49. Zhao, Y. (2023, January 17–24). Omnial: A unified cnn framework for unsupervised anomaly localization. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Vancouver, BC, Canada.10.1109/CVPR52729.2023.00382 ↗
50. Liu, Z., Zhou, Y., Xu, Y., and Wang, Z. (2023, January 17–24). Simplenet: A simple network for image anomaly detection and localization. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Vancouver, BC, Canada.10.1109/CVPR52729.2023.01954 ↗
51. Ding, C., Pang, G., and Shen, C. (2022, January 18–24). Catching both gray and black swans: Open-set supervised anomaly detection. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, New Orleans, LA, USA.10.1109/CVPR52688.2022.00724 ↗
52. Salehi, M., Sadjadi, N., Baselizadeh, S., Rohban, M.H., and Rabiee, H.R. (2021, January 20–25). Multiresolution knowledge distillation for anomaly detection. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Nashville, TN, USA.10.1109/CVPR46437.2021.01466 ↗
53. Cfa: Coupled-hypersphere-based feature adaptation for target-oriented anomaly localization10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3193699 ↗
54. Yi, J., and Yoon, S. (December, January 30). Patch svdd: Patch-level svdd for anomaly detection and segmentation. Proceedings of the Asian Conference on Computer Vision, Kyoto, Japan.
55. Rudolph, M., Wehrbein, T., Rosenhahn, B., and Wandt, B. (2022, January 3–8). Fully convolutional cross-scale-flows for image-based defect detection. Proceedings of the IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision, Waikoloa, HI, USA.10.1109/WACV51458.2022.00189 ↗
56. Cohen, N., and Hoshen, Y. (2020). Sub-image anomaly detection with deep pyramid correspondences. arXiv.
57. Denoising diffusion probabilistic models