Real-Time Speed Regulation of Direct Current Electric Motors Controlled by an Electric Motor Drive System Based on Diverse Power Converter Topologies

This paper presents a systematic approach for designing an electric motor drive system (EMDS) for a permanent magnet DC motor to achieve precise speed regulation using a classical PID controller. Smooth voltage trajectory planning based on Bézier curves is employed to mitigate high voltage and current peaks during step speed transitions, improving dynamic performance, reducing electrical stress, and making the control system physically realizable. A comparative evaluation of inverting buck–boost, positive buck–boost, and quadratic DC–DC converters is conducted using the same motor and controller, enabling the identification of the most suitable controller–converter pairing. Experimental results demonstrate that, with an appropriate converter topology and voltage trajectory, peak voltages and currents are significantly reduced, resulting in a smoother control action and reliable speed regulation without the need for complex control schemes.