journal article·2026-01-08Open access

Comparative Evaluation of the Translucency Properties of CAD/CAM Anterior Crowns

Hatice Banu Özel, Mine Helvacıoğlu Özkardeş, Erkut Kahramanoğlu

Applied Sciences· Volume 16· Issue 2

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the translucency values of anterior crowns fabricated with ultra-high-translucent (UHT) zirconia, low-translucent (LT) lithium disilicate (LDS), and LT zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) glass-ceramics. In total, 48 central incisor crowns (n = 12) were fabricated from IPS e.max CAD LT (IPS), Celtra Duo LT (CD), and GC Initial UHT zirconia (GC, GC1). A standard of 1.5 mm labial thickness of the crowns was determined for three groups (IPS, CD, GC), and 1 mm labial thickness was determined for GC1. The crowns’ translucency values were assessed in terms of the contrast ratio (CR). One-way ANOVA and Tamhane tests were used for analyzing the data. The mean CRs of GC1, GC, IPS, and CD specimens were 0.13 ± 0.01, 0.22 ± 0.01, 0.22 ± 0.04, and 0.29 ± 0.04, respectively. The CD group had significantly higher CR values than the other groups. The difference between the CR values of GC and IPS groups was not statistically significant. The GC1 group’s CR was significantly lower than the GC group. It is critical to select monolithic materials in order to achieve esthetic restorations, particularly for anterior teeth. The translucency of monolithic restorative materials was influenced by the type and the thickness of the material used.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Dental materials and restorations · Dental Health and Care Utilization · Endodontics and Root Canal Treatments

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul 34854, Turkey

References (49)

Show source-provided references
1. Ceramics in dentistry: Historical roots and current perspectives10.1016/S0022-3913(96)90413-8 ↗
2. Effect of the number of coloring liquid applications on the optical properties of monolithic zirconia10.1016/j.dental.2014.04.008 ↗
3. Lithium disilicate: The restorative material of multiple options
4. Masking ability of indirect restorative systems on tooth-colored resin substrates10.1016/j.dental.2019.03.001 ↗
5. Mechanical and optical properties of monolithic CAD-CAM restorative Materials10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.06.012 ↗
6. Emerging ceramic-based materials for dentistry10.1177/0022034514553627 ↗
7. Ceramic materials in dentistry: Historical evolution and current practice10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01299.x ↗
8. Van Noort, R. (2013). Introduction to Dental Materials, Mosby/Elsevier. [4th ed.].
9. Ceramics overview: Classification by microstructure and processing methods
10. Effect of abutment tooth color, cement color, and ceramic thickness on the resulting optical color of a CAD/CAM glass-ceramic lithium disilicate reinforced crown10.1016/S0022-3913(11)60004-8 ↗
11. Tooth-colored CAD/CAM monolithic restorations
12. Dental ceramics: Part II—Recent advances in dental ceramics
13. Translucency of esthetic dental restorative CAD-CAM materials and composite resins with respect to thickness and surface roughness10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.12.003 ↗
14. Mechanical properties of zirconia reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic10.1016/j.dental.2016.03.013 ↗
15. (2025, February 20). Celtra® Duo. Zirconia-Reinforced Lithium Silicate (ZLS) Block; Technical Monograph; Dentsply Sirona Inc., DeguDent GmbH: Milford, DE, USA, 2016. Available online: https://assets.dentsplysirona.com/dentsply/microsites/celtra/celtraduo-tech-monograph.pdf.
16. Comparison of Contrast Ratio, Translucency Parameter, and Flexural Strength of Traditional and “Augmented Translucency” Zirconia for CEREC CAD/CAM System10.1111/jerd.12172 ↗
17. Aging resistance, mechanical properties and translucency of different yttria- stabilized zirconia ceramics for monolithic dental crown applications10.1016/j.dental.2018.03.006 ↗
18. Optical properties of CAD/CAM ceramic systems10.1016/j.jdent.2014.07.005 ↗
19. Measurement of translucency of tooth enamel and dentin10.1080/00016350802577818 ↗
20. Color difference of all-ceramic materials by the charge of illuminants
21. Evaluation of translucency of monolithic zirconia and framework zirconia materials10.4047/jap.2016.8.3.181 ↗
22. Shade correspondence, color, and translucency differences between human dentine and a CAD/CAM hybrid ceramic system
23. The influence of printing angle on color and translucency of 3D printed resins for dental restorations
24. Translucency parameter of colorants for maxillofacial prostheses
25. Optical properties of direct restorative materials10.1177/00220345810600050601 ↗
26. Fracture Strength and Fatigue Resistance of All-Ceramic Molar Crowns Manufactured with CAD/CAM Technology10.1111/j.1532-849X.2008.00305.x ↗
27. Translucency of IPS e.max and cubic zirconia monolithic crowns10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.09.007 ↗
28. Masking properties of ceramics for veneer restorations10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.12.003 ↗
29. Effect of thickness and translucency on color change and masking ability of ceramic materials used for laminate veneers
30. Masking capacity of minimally invasive lithium disilicate restorations on discolored teeth-The impact of ceramic thickness, the material’s translucency, and the cement color10.1111/jerd.13146 ↗
31. Translucency of ceramic materials for CEREC CAD-CAM system10.1111/jerd.12105 ↗
32. Effect of repeated firing on the translucency of CAD-CAM monolithic glass-ceramics10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.10.028 ↗
33. Vichi, A., Balestra, D., Scotti, N., Louca, C., and Paolone, G. (2023). Translucency of CAD/CAM and 3D printable composite materials for permanent dental restorations. Polymers, 15.10.3390/polym15061443 ↗
34. The effect of a coupling medium on color and translucency of CAD-CAM ceramics10.1016/j.jdent.2013.02.005 ↗
35. Optical properties and light irradiance of monolithic zirconia at variable thicknesses10.1016/j.dental.2015.06.016 ↗
36. Human perception of dental porcelain translucency correlated to spectrophotometric measurements10.1111/j.1532-849X.2009.00542.x ↗
37. A new shading concept based on natural tooth color applied to direct composite restorations
38. Effects of thickness and background color on the translucency of CAD/CAM ceramic materials10.13168/cs.2020.0029 ↗
39. Zhu, J., Xia, Y., Lui, S., Wang, W., Liang, S., and Huang, C. (2024). Masking ability of CAD-CAM resin-matrix ceramics with different translucencies and thicknesses combined with four cement shades against varying background colors when facing veneer restorations. BMC Oral Health, 24.10.1186/s12903-024-05020-z ↗
40. Translucency and strength of high-translucency monolithic zirconium oxide materials
41. A comparative evaluation ofthe translucency of zirconias and lithium disilicate for monolithic restorations10.1016/j.prosdent.2015.11.019 ↗
42. Flexural strength, fracture toughness, and translucency of cubic/tetragonal zirconia materials10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.12.021 ↗
43. Effect of surface treatments and coffee thermocycling on the color and translucency of CAD-CAM monolithic glass-ceramic10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.10.024 ↗
44. Porojan, L., Vasiliu, R.D., Bîrdeanu, M.I., and Porojan, S.D. (2020). Surface characterization and optical properties of reinforced dental glass-ceramics related to artificial aging. Molecules, 25.10.3390/molecules25153407 ↗
45. Making yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia translucent10.1016/j.dental.2014.08.375 ↗
46. Quantification of the amount of blue light passing through monolithic zirconia with respect to thickness and polymerization conditions10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.08.013 ↗
47. Translucency of dental ceramics with different thicknesses10.1016/S0022-3913(13)60333-9 ↗
48. Strength-limiting damage and its mitigation in CAD-CAM zirconia-reinforced lithium-silicate ceramics machined in a fully crystallized state
49. Mechanical properties-translucency-microstructure relationships in commercial monolayer and multilayer monolithic zirconia ceramics