journal article·2025-12-30Open access

Transformer-Based Multi-Task Segmentation Framework for Dead Broiler Identification

Gyu-Sung Ham, Kanghan Oh

Applied Sciences· Volume 16· Issue 1

Abstract

Efficient monitoring of large-scale poultry farms requires the timely identification of dead broilers, as delays can accelerate disease transmission, leading to significant economic loss. Nevertheless, manual inspection remains the dominant practice, resulting in a labor-intensive, inconsistent, and poorly scalable workflow. Although recent advances in computer vision have introduced automated alternatives, most existing approaches face difficulties in crowded settings where live and dead broilers share similar visual patterns, and occlusions frequently occur. To address these problems, we propose a transformer-based multi-task segmentation framework designed to operate reliably in visually complex farm environments. The model constructs a unified feature representation that supports precise segmentation of dead broilers, while an auxiliary dead broiler counting task contributes additional supervisory features that enhance segmentation performance across diverse scene configurations. Experimental evaluations indicate that the proposed method yields accurate and stable segmentation results under various farm conditions, including densely populated and visually intricate scenes. Moreover, its overall segmentation accuracy consistently surpasses that of existing approaches, demonstrating the effectiveness of integrating transformer-based global modeling with the auxiliary regression objective.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Animal Nutrition and Physiology · Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies · Smart Agriculture and AI

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

AI Convergence Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea

Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea

References (36)

Show source-provided references
1. Liu, H.-W., Chen, C.-H., Tsai, Y.-C., Hsieh, K.-W., and Lin, H.-T. (2021). Identifying Images of Dead Chickens with a Chicken Removal System Integrated with a Deep Learning Algorithm. Sensors, 21.10.3390/s21113579 ↗
2. Nutrient Status Diagnosis of Infield Oilseed Rape via Deep Learning-Enabled Dynamic Model10.1109/TII.2020.3009736 ↗
3. Ham, G.-S., and Oh, K. (2024). Dead Broiler Detection and Segmentation Using Transformer-Based Dual Stream Network. Agriculture, 14.10.3390/agriculture14112082 ↗
4. Image Analysis Method to Evaluate Beak and Head Motion of Broiler Chickens During Feeding10.1016/j.compag.2015.03.017 ↗
5. Machine Vision to Identify Broiler Breeder Behavior10.1016/j.compag.2013.09.012 ↗
6. Recent Advances in Wearable Sensors for Animal Health Management10.1016/j.sbsr.2016.11.004 ↗
7. Detection of Sick Broilers by Digital Image Processing and Deep Learning10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.01.003 ↗
8. Hao, H., Fang, P., Duan, E., Yang, Z., Wang, L., and Wang, H. (2022). A Dead Broiler Inspection System for Large-Scale Breeding Farms Based on Deep Learning. Agriculture, 12.10.3390/agriculture12081176 ↗
9. Mislaying Behavior Detection in Cage-Free Hens with Deep Learning Technologies10.1016/j.psj.2023.102729 ↗
10. Digital Image Analysis to Estimate the Live Weight of Broiler10.1016/j.compag.2010.02.002 ↗
11. Weight Prediction of Broiler Chickens Using 3D Computer Vision10.1016/j.compag.2016.03.011 ↗
12. Development of a Transfer Function for Weight Prediction of Live Broiler Chicken Using Machine Vision
13. An Experimental Study of Stunned State Detection for Broiler Chickens Using an Improved Convolution Neural Network Algorithm10.1016/j.compag.2020.105284 ↗
14. Mansor, M.A., Baki, S.R.M.S., Tahir, N.M., and Rahman, R.A. (2013, January 13–15). An Approach of Halal Poultry Meat Comparison Based on Mean-Shift Segmentation. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Systems, Process Control (ICSPC), Malacca, Malaysia.
15. An Image Processing Approach of Multiple Eggs’ Quality Inspection10.30534/ijatcse/2019/18862019 ↗
16. Recent Advancement in Biosensors Technology for Animal and Livestock Health Management10.1016/j.bios.2017.07.015 ↗
17. Syauqi, M.N., Zaffrie, M.M.A., and Hasnul, H.I. (2018, January 25). Broiler Industry in Malaysia. Available online: http://ap.fftc.agnet.org/files/ap_policy/532/532_1.pdf.
18. A Machine Vision System for Early Detection and Prediction of Sick Birds: A Broiler Chicken Model10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.09.015 ↗
19. Deep Learning10.1038/nature14539 ↗
20. Zhou, B., Khosla, A., Lapedriza, A., Oliva, A., and Torralba, A. (2016, January 27–30). Learning Deep Features for Discriminative Localization. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Las Vegas, NV, USA.10.1109/CVPR.2016.319 ↗
21. Ronneberger, O., Fischer, P., and Brox, T. (2015, January 5–9). U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation. Proceedings of the Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention–MICCAI 2015: 18th International Conference, Munich, Germany. Proceedings, Part III.10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28 ↗
22. Chen, L.-C., Zhu, Y., Papandreou, G., Schroff, F., and Adam, H. (2018, January 8–14). Encoder-Decoder with Atrous Separable Convolution for Semantic Image Segmentation. Proceedings of the European Conference on Computer Vision (ECCV), Munich, Germany.10.1007/978-3-030-01234-2_49 ↗
23. Dosovitskiy, A., Beyer, L., Kolesnikov, A., Weissenborn, D., Zhai, X., Unterthiner, T., Dehghani, M., Minderer, M., Heigold, G., and Gelly, S. (2020). An Image is Worth 16 × 16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale. arXiv.
24. Ham, G.S., and Oh, K. (2023). Learning Spatial Configuration Feature for Landmark Localization in Hand X-rays. Electronics, 12.10.3390/electronics12194038 ↗
25. van der Eijk, J.A.J., Guzhva, O., Voss, A., Möller, M., Giersberg, M.F., Jacobs, L., and de Jong, I.C. (2022). Seeing Is Caring—Automated Assessment of Resource Use of Broilers with Computer Vision Techniques. Front. Anim. Sci., 3.10.3389/fanim.2022.945534 ↗
26. A Detection Method for Dead Caged Hens Based on Improved YOLOv710.1016/j.compag.2024.109388 ↗
27. Detection System of Dead and Sick Chickens in Large Scale Farms Based on Artificial Intelligence10.3934/mbe.2021306 ↗
28. He, K., Gkioxari, G., Dollár, P., and Girshick, R. (2017, January 22–29). Mask R-CNN. Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV), Venice, Italy.10.1109/ICCV.2017.322 ↗
29. Detection of Sick Laying Hens by Infrared Thermal Imaging and Deep Learning10.1088/1742-6596/2025/1/012008 ↗
30. Massari, J.M., de Moura, D.J., de Alencar Nääs, I., Pereira, D.F., and Branco, T. (2022). Computer-Vision-Based Indexes for Analyzing Broiler Response to Rearing Environment: A Proof of Concept. Animals, 12.10.3390/ani12070846 ↗
31. Wayne, B. (2024, October 11). Dead Chickens Dataset. Available online: https://universe.roboflow.com/bruce-wayne-wja03/dead-chikens.
32. He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., and Sun, J. (2016, January 27–30). Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition 2016, Las Vegas, NV, USA.10.1109/CVPR.2016.90 ↗
33. Vaswani, A., Shazeer, N., Parmar, N., Uszkoreit, J., Jones, L., Gomez, A.N., Kaiser, Ł., and Polosukhin, I. (2017, January 4–9). Attention Is All You Need. Proceedings of the 31st International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), Long Beach, CA, USA.
34. Loshchilov, I., and Hutter, F. (2019, January 6–9). Decoupled Weight Decay Regularization. Proceedings of the International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), New Orleans, LA, USA.
35. Long, J., Shelhamer, E., and Darrell, T. (2015, January 7–12). Fully Convolutional Networks for Semantic Segmentation. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), Boston, MA, USA.10.1109/CVPR.2015.7298965 ↗
36. Chaurasia, A., and Culurciello, E. (2017, January 10–13). LinkNet: Exploiting Encoder Representations for Efficient Semantic Segmentation. Proceedings of the IEEE Visual Communications and Image Processing (VCIP), St. Petersburg, FL, USA.10.1109/VCIP.2017.8305148 ↗