journal article·2025-11-29Open access

Uncoupled Fracture Indicator Dependent on the Third Invariant and the Level of Ductility: Applications in Predominant Shear Loading

Leonel Leonardo Delgado Morales, Lucas Oliveira Barros, Lucival Malcher

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 23

Abstract

This contribution presents an improved ductile fracture indicator that is dependent on the normalized third invariant and the plastic strain at fracture, which is in turn dependent on the stress state of the material. Lemaitre’s damage model is used to numerically evaluate the location and level of displacement required to initiate ductile fracture of the alloy. Along with this analysis, the constitutive model based on Gao’s criterion was implemented, to which the fracture indicator was coupled. The proposed fracture indicator is considered a damage denominator function dependent on the normalized third invariant and the plastic strain at the fracture. This damage denominator function seeks to regulate the rate of evolution of the degradation of the material according to its state of stress and level of ductility, which makes the indicator, coupled with the post-processing step of Gao’s model, satisfactorily predict the correct level of force, the appropriate location, and the displacement necessary for the fracture of the material. The predictions made with the help of the indicator were compared to the performance of Lemaitre’s model. In addition, specimens that describe the low triaxiality ratio were evaluated using AISI 4340 alloy at different ductility levels. The new indicator proved to be more advantageous in predicting the mechanical behavior in the fracture of the material for different types of loads, allowing a good estimate of the displacement in the fracture and the levels of force.
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Research context

OpenAlex topics: Metal Forming Simulation Techniques · Fatigue and fracture mechanics · High-Velocity Impact and Material Behavior

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Austral University of Chile, Miraflores Campus, General Lagos 2086, Valdivia 5110912, Chile

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Brasília, Asa Norte, Brasília 70910-900, DF, Brazil

INEGI, Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias 400, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal

Funding

Brazilian Council for the Scientific and Technological Development-CNPq

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