journal article·2025-12-17Open access

An Energy-Efficient Hybrid System Combining Sentinel-2 Satellite Data and Ground-Based Single-Pixel Detector for Crop Monitoring

Josip Spišić, Davor Vinko, Ivana Podnar Žarko, Vlatko Galić

Applied Sciences· Volume 15· Issue 24

Abstract

Precision agriculture will continue to heavily rely on data-driven models to enable more intensive crop monitoring and data-driven decisions. The available remote sensing techniques, particularly those based on multispectral Sentinel-2 data, still have major shortcomings due to cloud cover, low temporal resolution, and time lags in data availability. To address these shortcomings, this paper proposes a hybrid approach that combines Sentinel-2 satellite data with real-time data generated by low-cost ground-based single-pixel detectors (SPDs), such as the AS7263. This hybrid approach addresses key shortcomings in existing agricultural monitoring systems and offers a cost-effective, scalable solution for real-time monitoring and prediction of end-of-season yield, moisture, and plant height using simple PLRS models implemented directly in SPDs with an energy-efficient algorithm for deployment on the STM32G030 microcontroller.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline

Research context

OpenAlex topics: Remote Sensing in Agriculture · Smart Agriculture and AI · Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing

SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.

Affiliations

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Information Technology Osijek, J. J. Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia

Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

Agricultural Institute Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia

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