Experimental Study of a Cantilever Piezoelectric Energy Harvester Utilising the Sloshing of a Liquid-Filled Container
Source abstract
Abstract
To broaden the operating bandwidth of the vibration energy harvester at low frequencies, this paper presents a cantilever beam piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH) based on the sloshing of a liquid-filled container. The harvester is designed to recover energy from the multi-order sloshing modes of the liquid in the container. A mathematical model of the coupled system comprising the liquid within the container and the PEH was established. Based on the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) theory, the coupling mechanism between the liquid natural sloshing frequency and the immersed natural frequency of the beam was revealed. Experimental validation shows that the resonance characteristics of the PEH are mainly dominated by the liquid antisymmetric sloshing mode. Through comparative experiments, the effect of liquid-filled container and cantilever beam parameters on the PEH’s peak output voltage and operating bandwidth was systematically analysed. The performance of the PEH was significantly improved when the first-order natural frequency of the partially immersed beam approached the liquid natural sloshing frequency, with the bandwidth coefficient increasing by nearly fourfold under this condition. This research provides new ideas for the design and optimisation of piezoelectric energy harvesters in liquid sloshing environments.
Source: crossref · Quality: baseline
Research context
OpenAlex topics: Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies · Vibration Control and Rheological Fluids · Dielectric materials and actuators
SciVX discovery tags are terminology-based. OpenAlex topics are source-provided classifications.
Affiliations
School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
Funding
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China
References (34)
Show source-provided references
1. A comprehensive review on the state-of-the-art of piezoelectric energy harvesting10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105567 ↗
2. Analysis on piezoelectric energy harvesting small scale device—A review10.1016/j.jksus.2017.11.002 ↗
3. Yoo, I., Kwon, D.S., Yang, S., and Kim, H. (2024, January 18–21). Development of low frequency hybrid harvester for vehicle vibration energy harvesting. Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Micro and Miniature Power Systems, Self-Powered Sensors and Energy Autonomous Devices (PowerMEMS), Tønsberg, Norway.10.1109/PowerMEMS63147.2024.10814150 ↗
4. Dynamic interactions of an integrated vehicle–electromagnetic energy harvester–tire system subject to uneven road excitations
5. Kwon, D.S., Yoo, I., Yang, S., and Kim, H. (2024, January 18–21). Coil vibration type electromagnetic energy harvester for vehicle vibration energy harvesting. Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Micro and Miniature Power Systems, Self-Powered Sensors and Energy Autonomous Devices (PowerMEMS), Tønsberg, Norway.10.1109/PowerMEMS63147.2024.10814570 ↗
6. Ogbonna, V.E., Popoola, A.P.I., and Popoola, O.M. (2022). Piezoelectric ceramic materials on transducer technology for energy harvesting: A review. Front. Energy Res., 10.10.3389/fenrg.2022.1051081 ↗
7. A comprehensive review on piezoelectric energy harvesting technology: Materials, mechanisms, and applications10.1063/1.5074184 ↗
8. Clementi, G., Cottone, F., Michele, A.D., Gammaitoni, L., Mattarelli, M., Perna, G., López-Suárez, M., Baglio, S., Trigona, C., and Neri, I. (2022). Review on innovative piezoelectric materials for mechanical energy harvesting. Energies, 15.10.3390/en15176227 ↗
9. Al-Yafeai, D., Darabseh, T., and Mourad, A.H.I. (2020). A state-of-the-art review of car suspension-based piezoelectric energy harvesting systems. Energies, 13.10.3390/en13092336 ↗
10. Elfrink, R., Matova, S., Nooijer, C., Jambunathan, M., Goedbloed, M., Molengraft, J., Pop, V., Vullers, R.J.M., Renaud, M., and Schaijk, R. (2011, January 5–7). Shock induced energy harvesting with a MEMS harvester for automotive applications. Proceedings of the 2011 IEEE International Electron Devices Meeting (IEDM 2011), Washington, DC, USA.10.1109/IEDM.2011.6131639 ↗
11. Development and optimization of a new end-cap tire-strain piezoelectric energy harvester10.1016/j.enconman.2024.118109 ↗
12. Design of a quasi-zero stiffness vibration isolation and energy harvesting integrated seat suspension10.1007/s42417-024-01551-5 ↗
13. Design and experimental study of piezoelectric energy harvester from driving motor system of electric vehicle based on high-low excitation frequency profiles
14. Research on piezoelectric energy harvester based on coupled oscillator model for vehicle vibration utilizing a L-shaped cantilever beam10.1088/1361-665X/ab87e1 ↗
15. Energy harvesting from fluid flow using piezoelectrics: A critical review10.1016/j.renene.2019.05.078 ↗
16. The Energy harvesting eel: A small subsurface ocean/river power generator10.1109/48.972090 ↗
17. A study of vortex-induced energy harvesting from water using PZT piezoelectric cantilever with cylindrical extension10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.03.262 ↗
18. Application of a flexible device coating with piezoelectric paint for harvesting wave energy10.1016/j.oceaneng.2018.11.014 ↗
19. An ultralow frequency, low intensity, and multidirectional piezoelectric vibration energy harvester using liquid as energy-capturing medium10.1063/5.0022881 ↗
20. Novel piezoelectric-based ocean wave energy harvesting from offshore buoys10.1016/j.apor.2018.05.005 ↗
21. Energy harvesting from longitudinal and transverse motions of sea waves particles using a new waterproof piezoelectric waves energy harvester10.1016/j.renene.2021.07.042 ↗
22. Fluid sloshing augmented parametric excitation for enhanced piezoelectric vibration energy harvesting10.1016/j.sna.2025.117061 ↗
23. Slosh-induced piezoelectric energy harvesting in a liquid tank10.1016/j.renene.2023.02.049 ↗
24. Perception of low frequency vibrations by heavy vehicle drivers10.1260/026309202761019516 ↗
25. Investigation of sloshing effects on lateral stability of tank vehicles during turning maneuver10.1080/15397734.2020.1800490 ↗
26. Numerical analysis of sloshing induced bouncing and pitching motions in a tank-truck during braking conditions
27. Liu, K., Li, X., Peng, P., Zhou, Z., and Gao, Z. (2024). Experimental Study on the Sloshing of a Rectangular Tank under Pitch Excitations. Water, 16.10.3390/w16111551 ↗
28. Hydroelectromechanical modelling of a piezoelectric wave energy converter
29. Nonlinear modeling of liquid sloshing in a moving rectangular tank10.1016/S0029-8018(01)00085-3 ↗
30. Numerical study of ring baffle effects on reducing violent liquid sloshing10.1016/j.compfluid.2011.09.006 ↗
31. Frequency response of cantilever beams immersed in viscous fluids with applications to the atomic force microscope10.1063/1.368002 ↗
32. Calculation of unsteady flows due to small motions of cylinders in a viscous fluid10.1007/BF01540828 ↗
33. The influence of a viscous fluid on the vibration dynamics of scanning near-field optical microscopy fiber probes and atomic force microscopy cantilevers10.1063/1.368335 ↗
34. Coupled vibration of a cantilever micro-beam submerged in a bounded incompressible fluid domain10.1007/s00707-012-0792-z ↗